Bài 11:

1) Sửa lại đề là: \(A=127^2+146.127+73^2\)

\(\Rightarrow A=127^2+2.127.73+73^2\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(127+73\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow A=200^2\)

\(\Rightarrow A=40000\)

Vậy \(A=40000.\)

2) Sửa lại đề là: \(B=9^8.2^8-\left(18^4-1\right).\left(18^4+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\left(9.2\right)^8-\left[\left(18^4\right)^2-1^2\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow B=18^8-\left(18^8-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow B=18^8-18^8+1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=0+1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=1\)

Vậy \(B=1.\)

4) \(D=\left(3+1\right).\left(3^2+1\right).\left(3^4+1\right).\left(3^8+1\right).\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2D=\left(3-1\right).\left(3+1\right).\left(3^2+1\right).\left(3^4+1\right).\left(3^8+1\right).\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3^4-1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3^8-1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(3^{16}-1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)

\(=3^{32}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{3^{32}-1}{2}\)

là sao

Ta có :

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+3\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-3\frac{1}{a}\frac{1}{b}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-3\frac{1}{a}\frac{1}{b}\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=3\frac{1}{abc}=\frac{3}{abc}\)

Ta lại có :

\(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{bca}{b^3}+\frac{cab}{c^3}\)

\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)

\(\)

Bài làm:

Ta có: \(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}\)

\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)

CM HĐT phụ:

Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\right)+3abc\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\right]+3abc\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\right]+3abc\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc\)

Áp dụng vào trên ta được:

\(abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)

\(=abc\left[\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{bc}-\frac{1}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{abc}\right]\)

Mà  \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)

\(P=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)

Vậy P = 3

Tham khảo cách chứng minh "Bổ đề hình thang":

http://vuontoanhoc.blogspot.com/2016/06/hinh-hoc-8-bo-e-hinh-thang.html

Bài làm:

Ta có: \(\left[\left(20-4x\right)\div\left(x^2-25\right)\right]+5\div\left(x+5\right)\)

\(=\frac{4\left(5-x\right)}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\frac{5}{x+5}\)

\(=\frac{-4}{x+5}+\frac{5}{x+5}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x+5}\)

\(\left[\left(20-4x\right):\left(x^2-25\right)\right]+\left[5:\left(x+5\right)\right]\)ĐK : x \(\ne\pm5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{20-4x}{x^2-25}\right]+\left[\frac{5}{x+5}\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{-4\left(x-5\right)}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\right]+\left[\frac{5}{x+5}\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{-4}{x+5}\right]+\left[\frac{5}{x+5}\right]=\frac{-4+5}{x+5}=\frac{1}{x+5}\)

gt <=>     \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

<=>     \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

<=>   \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

<=>    \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)        (1)

TA LUÔN CÓ:     \(\left(a-b\right)^2;\left(b-c\right)^2;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)

=>     \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)        (2)

TỪ (1) VÀ (2) =>    DẤU "=" SẼ XẢY RA <=>     \(\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

<=>     \(a=b=c\)

VẬY TA CÓ ĐPCM.

a² + b² + c² = ab + bc + ca

<=> 2( a² + b² + c² ) = 2( ab + bc + ca )

<=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0

<=> ( a² - 2ab + b² ) + ( b² - 2bc + c² ) + ( c² - 2ca + a² ) = 0

<=> ( a - b )² + ( b - c )² + ( c - a )² = 0 (*)

Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\\\left(b-c\right)^2\\\left(c-a\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall a,b,c\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra ( tức là (*) xảy ra ) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

=> ĐPCM

a)

\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+1=\left(x-2\right)^2+1\)

CÓ:    \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

=>    \(A\ge1\)

DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=>    \(x=2\)

b)

\(2B=4x^2+6x+2=\left(2x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-0,25\)

CÓ:     \(\left(2x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(2x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-0,25\ge-0,25\)

DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=>      \(2x+\frac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{3}{4}\)

c)

\(C=\left(2x+\frac{5}{4}\right)^2-\frac{73}{16}\ge-\frac{73}{16}\)

DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=>     \(2x+\frac{5}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{5}{8}\)

a. Ta có : 

\(A=x^2-4x+5=x^2-4x+4+1=\left(x-2\right)^2+1\)

Vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b. \(B=2x^2+3x+1=2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-\frac{1}{8}\)

Vì \(\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-\frac{1}{8}\ge-\frac{1}{8}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{3}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy Bmin = - 1/8 <=> x = - 3/4

c. \(C=5x-3+4x^2=4\left(x+\frac{5}{8}\right)^2-\frac{73}{16}\)

Vì \(\left(x+\frac{5}{8}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow4\left(x+\frac{5}{8}\right)^2-\frac{73}{16}\ge-\frac{73}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+\frac{5}{8}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{5}{8}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{5}{8}\)

Vậy Cmin = - 73/16 <=> x = - 5/8