\(a.\left[x\cdot\left(x+1\right)\right]:2=136\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=136\cdot2\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=2\cdot2\cdot2\cdot17\cdot2\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=\left(2\cdot2\cdot2\cdot2\right)\cdot17\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=16\cdot17\\ =>x=16\\ b.\left[x\cdot\left(x+1\right)\right]:2=300\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=3\cdot2\cdot2\cdot5\cdot5\cdot2\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=\left(3\cdot2\cdot2\cdot2\right)\cdot\left(5\cdot5\right)\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=24\cdot25\\ =>x=24\\ c.\left[x\cdot\left(x+1\right)\right]:2=561\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=2\cdot3\cdot11\cdot17\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=\left(17\cdot2\right)\cdot\left(3\cdot11\right)\\ x\cdot\left(x+1\right)=34\cdot33\\ =>x=33\)

Lời giải:
Muốn đắp xong nền nhà trong 6 ngày thì cần số người là:

$12\times 2:6=4$ (người)

a) \(24=2^3.3\)

\(60=2^2.3.5\)

\(UCLN\left(a;b\right)=UCLN\left(24;60\right)=2^2.3=6\)

\(BCNN\left(a;b\right)=BCNN\left(24;60\right)=2^3.3.5=120\)

\(a.b=UCLN\left(a;b\right).BCNN\left(a;b\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a.b=6.120=720\)

mà \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{24}{60}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{24}=\dfrac{b}{60}=\dfrac{720}{24.60}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=24.\dfrac{1}{2}=12\\b=60.\dfrac{1}{2}=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy Phân số cần tìm là \(\dfrac{12}{30}\) 

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}14=2.7\\21=3.7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow UCLN\left(a;b\right)=UCLN\left(14;21\right)=7\)

\(a.b=UCLN\left(14;21\right).BCNN\left(14;21\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a.b=7.3456=24192\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{14}{21}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{14}=\dfrac{b}{21}=\dfrac{a.b}{14.21}=\dfrac{24192}{294}=\dfrac{576}{7}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{576}{7}.14=1152\\b=\dfrac{576}{7}.21=1728\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phân số cần tìm là \(\dfrac{1152}{1728}\)

\(15m^29m^2=24m^2=240000cm^2\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}\) của 1 tấn = 600 kg

Muốn đắp xong nền nhà trong 2 ngày, cần có 12 người. Hỏi muốn đắp xong nền nhà đó trong 6 ngày thì cần có bao nhiêu người? (Mức làm của mỗi người như nhau)

\(x\cdot\left(x+1\right):2=153\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=153\cdot2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=306\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x-306=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+18x-17x-306=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+18\right)-17\left(x+18\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-17\right)\left(x+18\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=17\\x=-18\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:

a. $x$ có thể là: $1,3,5,7,9$

b. $x$ có thể là: $0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20$

c. $x$ có thể là: $11,14,17, 20,23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44$

d. $x$ có thể là: $1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,14,16,17,19$

\(x\left(x+1\right)=156\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=156\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x-156=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+13x-12x-156=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+13\right)-12\left(x+13\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+13\right)\left(x-12\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\x=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

___________________

\(x\left(x+1\right)=342\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=342\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x-342=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+19x-18x-342=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+19\right)-18\left(x+19\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+19\right)\left(x-18\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-19\\x=18\end{matrix}\right.\)

__________________

\(x\left(x+1\right)=650\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=650\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+650=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+26x-25x-650=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+26\right)-25\left(x+26\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+26\right)\left(x-25\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-26\\x=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

______________________

\(x\left(x+1\right)=380\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x=380\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x-380=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+20x-19x-380=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+20\right)-19\left(x+20\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+20\right)\left(x-19\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-20\\x=19\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(x\).(\(x\) + 1) = 156

156 = 2².3.13 = 12.13

Vậy \(x\).(\(x\) + 1) = 12.13

Vậy \(x\) = 12

b, \(x.\)(\(x\) + 1) =  342 

    342 = 2.3².19 = 18.19

    \(x\).(\(x+1\)) = 18.19

    \(x\) =   18

c, \(x\).(\(x\) + 1) = 650 

    650 = 2.5².13 = 25.26

    \(x\).(\(x\) +1) = 25.26

    \(x\) = 25

d, \(x\).(\(x\) +1) = 380 

    380 = 2².5.19 = 19.20

      \(x\).(\(x\) + 1) = 19.20

      \(x\)    = 19

\(\dfrac{15}{90}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{6}\) = \(\dfrac{1.5}{6.5}\) = \(\dfrac{5}{30}\)

\(\dfrac{120}{600}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{5}\) = \(\dfrac{1.6}{5.6}\) = \(\dfrac{6}{30}\)

\(\dfrac{75}{150}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{1.15}{2.15}\) = \(\dfrac{15}{30}\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{15}{90}=\dfrac{1}{6};\dfrac{120}{600}=\dfrac{1}{5};\dfrac{75}{150}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow MSC\) là: \(60\)

\(\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1.10}{6.10}=\dfrac{10}{60}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1.12}{5.12}=\dfrac{12}{60}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1.30}{2.30}=\dfrac{30}{60}\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{54}{90}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{180}{288}=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

\(\dfrac{60}{135}=\dfrac{4}{9}\)

Mẫu số chung là: 360

\(\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{3.72}{5.72}=\dfrac{216}{360}\)

\(\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{5.45}{8.45}=\dfrac{225}{360}\)

\(\dfrac{4}{9}=\dfrac{4.40}{9.40}=\dfrac{160}{360}\)

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