Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)

hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

1)

   +)  Ta có

            \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)

       \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)

        \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)

        \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)

        \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)

        \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\)  ( đpcm )

     + )   Theo phần trên

             \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)

           \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)

           \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)

            \(\Leftrightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)  ( đpcm )

2, 

Ta có: \(5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-9x\left(y+z\right)-18yz=0\Leftrightarrow5x^2-9x\left(y+z\right)+5\left(y+z\right)^2=28yz\le7\left(y+z\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-9x\left(y+z\right)-2\left(y+z\right)^2\le0\Leftrightarrow5\left(\frac{x}{y+z}\right)^2-9.\frac{x}{y+z}-2\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5.\frac{x}{y+z}+1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}-2\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+z}\le2\)(Do \(5.\frac{x}{y+z}+1>0\forall x,y,z>0\))

\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{2x-y-z}{y+z}=2.\frac{x}{y+z}-1\le2.2-1=3\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(y=z=\frac{x}{4}\)

Trả lời:

Với x,y dương.

TH1: Nếu x=0 =>y=0

TH2: Nếu x=1 =>y không nguyên (loại)

TH3: Nếu x=2 =>y=2

Th4: Nếu x>2 

⇒3\(^x\)=y\(3\)+1

⇒3\(^x\)=y\(^3\)+1, vì x>2 =>y³>9

Ta suy ra y\(^3\)+1⋮9

⇒y³⋮9 dư -1

⇒y=9k+2 hoặc y=9k+5 hoặc y=9k+8 (k nguyên dương) (1)

Mặt khác ta cũng có y³+1=3^x⋮3 nên

y=3j+2 (j nguyên dương ) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra vô nghiệm

Vậy phương trình có 2 cặp nghiệm nguyên dương là (0;0) và (2;2)

????????????????????????????????

Ta có:

\(M=\frac{2x+y}{xy}+\frac{3}{2x+y}=\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3}{2x+y}\)

\(=\left(\frac{3}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3}{2x+y}\right)+\frac{5}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}\)

Có: \(\frac{3}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3}{2x+y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}.\frac{3}{2x+y}}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> \(\frac{3}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}=\frac{3}{2x+y}\)

Có: \(\frac{5}{8}.\frac{2x+y}{2}\ge\frac{5}{8}\sqrt{2xy}=\frac{5}{4}\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> 2x=y và xy=2

Do đó \(M\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{5}{4}=\frac{11}{4}\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> x=1 và y=2

Vậy GTNN của  M là 11/4 khi x=1 và y=2

\(P=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ab}\)

\(P=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{9}}{2ab}+\frac{4}{9ab}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+1+2ab}+\frac{4}{9ab}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+1}+\frac{16}{9\left(a+b\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}{1+1}+\frac{16}{9}=\frac{8}{3}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)