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a) 16x^2 - (4x - 5)^2 = 15
<=> 16x^2 - 16x^2 + 40x - 25 = 15
<=> 40x = 40
<=> x = 1
b) (2x + 3)^2 - 4(x - 1)(x + 1) = 49
<=> 4x^2 + 12x + 9 - 4x^2 - 4x + 4x + 4 = 49
<=> 12x + 13 = 49
<=> 12x = 36
<=> x = 3
c) (2x + 1)(1 - 2x) + (1 - 2x)^2 = 18
<=> 1 - 4x^2 + 1 - 4x + 4x^2 = 18
<=> 2 - 4x = 18
<=> -4x = 16
<=> x = -4
d)2(x + 1)^2 - (x - 3)(x + 3) - (x - 4)^2 = 0
<=> 2x^2 + 4x + 2 - x^2 + 3^2 - x^2 + 8x - 16 = 0
<=> 12x - 5 = 0
<=> 12x = 5
<=> x = 5/12
e) (x - 5)^2 - x(x - 4) = 9
<=> x^2 - 10x + 25 - x^2 + 4x = 9
<=> -6x + 25 = 9
<=> -6x = 9 - 25
<=> -6x = -16
<=> x = -16/-6 = 8/3
f) (x - 5)^2 + (x - 4)(1 - x) = 0
<=> x^2 - 10x + 25 + x - x^2 - x - 4 + 4x = 0
<=> -5x + 21 = 0
<=> -5x = -21
<=> x = 21/5
\(a,\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)=\left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(3x-2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+2=0\\x+1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=-1\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{2}{3};-1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
\(b,\left(x-1\right)^2-1+x^2=\left(1-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)^2-\left(1-x^2\right)=\left(1-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)^2-\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)-\left(1-x\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(1-x-1-x-x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(-3x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x=0\\-3x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
\(c,\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-3-x^2-3x+10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(-5x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+2=0\\-5x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\\x=\dfrac{7}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{1;-2;\dfrac{7}{5}\right\}\)
\(d,x^4+x^3+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x^3+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất x = -1
\(e,x^3-7x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x-3x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-4\right)-3\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3x-x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+3=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-3\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{1;2;-3\right\}\)
\(f,x^4-4x^3+12x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-9\right)-\left(4x^3-12x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^2+3\right)-4x\left(x^2+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-3-4x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+3>0\forall x\\x^2-4x-3>0\forall x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm
\(g,x^5-5x^3+4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^4-4x^2-x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+2=0\\x-1=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc x = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\\x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc x =0
Vậy tập nghiệm của pt \(S=\left\{0;1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(h,x^4-4x^3+3x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-4x^3+4x^2-x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-x^2\right)-\left(4x^3-4x\right)+\left(4x^2-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-1\right)-4x\left(x^2-1\right)+4\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+1=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của pt là \(S=\left\{1;-1;2\right\}\)
a) 3x^3-12x=0
3x(x^2-4)=0
3x(x-2)(x+2)=0
suy ra 3x=0 suy ra x=0
x-2=0 x=2
x+2=0 x= -2
b) (x-3)^2-(x-3)(3-x)^2=0
(x-3)^2-(x-3)(x-3)^2=0
(x-3)^2(1-x+3)=0
(x-3)^2(4-x)=0
suy ra x-3=0 suy ra x=3
4-x=0 x=4
a) và b) đã nhé bạn
Bài 1
1) 4x - x2 - 4 = 0
⇔ -( x2 - 4x + 4 ) = 0
⇔ -( x - 2 )2 = 0
⇔ x - 2 = 0
⇔ x = 2
2) 4( x - 1 )2 - ( 5 - 2x )2 = 0
⇔ 22( x - 1 )2 - ( 5 - 2x )2 = 0
⇔ ( 2x - 2 )2 - ( 5 - 2x ) = 0
⇔ ( 2x - 2 - 5 + 2x )( 2x - 2 + 5 - 2x ) = 0
⇔ ( 4x - 7 ).3 = 0
⇔ 4x - 7 = 0
⇔ x = 7/4
3) 9( x - 2 )2 - 4( 3 - x )2 = 0
⇔ 32( x - 2 )2 - 22( x - 3 )2 = 0
⇔ ( 3x - 6 )2 - ( 2x - 6 )2 = 0
⇔ ( 3x - 6 - 2x + 6 )( 3x - 6 + 2x - 6 ) = 0
⇔ x( 5x - 12 ) = 0
⇔ x = 0 hoặc 5x - 12 = 0
⇔ x = 0 hoặc x = 12/5
4) x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
⇔ x2 - 5x - x + 5 = 0
⇔ x( x - 5 ) - ( x - 5 ) = 0
⇔ ( x - 5 )( x - 1 ) = 0
⇔ x - 5 = 0 hoặc x - 1 = 0
⇔ x = 5 hoặc x = 1
Bài 2.
1) x2 - z2 + y2 - 2xy
= ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) - z2
= ( x - y )2 - z2
= ( x - y - z )( x - y + z )
2) a3 - ay - a2x + xy
= ( a3 - a2x ) - ( ay - xy )
= a2( a - x ) - y( a - x )
= ( a - x )( a2 - y )
3) 2xy + 3z + 6y + xz
= ( 2xy + 6y ) + ( xz + 3z )
= 2y( x + 3 ) + z( x + 3 )
= ( x + 3 )( 2y + z )
4) x2 + 2xz + 2xy + 4yz
= ( x2 + 2xy ) + ( 2xz + 4yz )
= x( x + 2y ) + 2z( x + 2y )
= ( x + 2y )( x + 2z )
5) ( x + y + z )3 - x3 - y3 - z3
= x3 + y3 + z3 + 3( x + y )( y + z )( x + z ) - x3 - y3 - z3
= 3( x + y )( y + z )( x + z )
(x - 3)4 - (x + 3)4 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)[(x -3)2 - (x + 3)2 ]. [(x - 3)2 + (x + 3)2 ] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)(x - 3 - x - 3)(x - 3 + x + 3)[(x - 3)2 + (x + 3)2 ] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)-12x [(x - 3)2 + (x + 3)2 ] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(x+3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét: (x - 3)2 + (x + 3)2 = 0
Ta thấy \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-3^2\right)\ge0\\\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)(x - 3)2 + (x + 3)2 \(\ge\)0
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\x+3=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\x=-3\end{cases}}\)vô lý
Vậy x = 0
\(=\left(x-3+x+3\right)\left(x-3-x-3\right)=2x\left(-6\right)\)
\(=-12x\)