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7.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=3\left(x^2+2\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow10ab=3\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2-10ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(3b-a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\3a=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=3\sqrt{x+1}\\3\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+1=9x+9\\9x^2-9x+9=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-10x-8=0\\9x^2-10x+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (casio)
6.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4=3\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3ab+2b^2=0\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm (vế phải là \(5\sqrt{x^3+1}\) sẽ hợp lý hơn)
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a) ĐK: \(x\geq \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2x-1}-\sqrt{x+1}=2x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(2x-1)-(x+1)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x-2=0\leftrightarrow x=2\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(*)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đối với $(*)$:
Vì \(x\geq \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+1}>1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}< 1\)
Do đó $(*)$ vô nghiệm
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất $x=2$
b) ĐK:.....
\(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}+\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}=x+3\)
TH1:
\(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}=\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow 2x^2-3x+10=2x^2-5x+4\)
\(\Rightarrow 2x+6=0\Rightarrow x=-3\) (thử lại thấy không thỏa mãn)
TH2: \(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}\neq \sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\), tức là \(x\neq -3\)
PT ban đầu tương đương với:
\(\frac{(2x^2-3x+10)-(2x^2-5x+4)}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2(x+3)}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=1\) (do \(x\neq -3\) )
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}=2+\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
Bình phương 2 vế:
\(2x^2-3x+10=4+2x^2-5x+4+4\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=2\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+1)^2=4(2x^2-5x+4)\)
\(\Rightarrow 7x^2-22x+15=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=\frac{15}{7}\\ x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử đều thấy t/m)
Vậy...........
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1. \(x^4-x^2+3x+5=2\sqrt{x+1}\) ĐK: \(x\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-x^2+2x+2\right)+\left(x+1-2\sqrt{x+1}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left[\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+1\right]=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+1>0\)
Vậy x =1
3. ĐK: \(x\ge-2\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{x+5}\ge0\\b=\sqrt{x+2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
pt trên được viết lại thành
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(1+ab\right)=a^2-b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+ab-a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+5}=\sqrt{x+2}\\\sqrt{x+5}=1\\\sqrt{x+2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây thì dễ rồi nhé
\(x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+\sqrt{x^2+2x+10}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1+\sqrt{x^2+2x+10}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2+1\right)+\frac{x^2+2x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+10}+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2+1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+10}+3}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy: \(x^2+1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+10}+3}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Cảm ơn Thắng Nguyễn rất nhiều.