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2 a) x2 + 4x + 5
= x2 + 2.x.2 + 22 + 1
=(x + 2)2 +1
vì (x + 2)2 lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 với mọi x
suy ra A luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 1
dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+2=0 suy ra x=-2
vậy GTNN của A là 1 khi x= -2
b)x2 + y2 - 4x +6y +13=0
(x2 - 4x +4)+(y2 + 6y +9)=0
(x-2)2 + (y+3)2 =0
vì (x - 2)2 lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 với mọi x
(y+3)2 lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 với mọi y
nên để (x-2)2 + (y+3)2 =0
thì x-2=0 và y+3=0
x=2; y= -3
1)
a) \(2x^2-12x+18+2xy-6y\)
\(=2x^2-6x-6x+18+2xy-6y\)
\(=\left(2xy+2x^2-6x\right)-\left(6y+6x-18\right)\)
\(=x\left(2y+2x-6\right)-3\left(2y+2x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(2y+2x-6\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-3\right)\left(y+x-3\right)\)
b) \(x^2+4x-4y^2+8y\)
\(=x^2+4x-4y^2+8y+2xy-2xy\)
\(=\left(-4y^2+2xy+8y\right)+\left(-2xy+x^2+4x\right)\)
\(=2y\left(-2y+x+4\right)+x\left(-2y+x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(2y+x\right)\left(-2y+x+4\right)\)
2) \(5x^3-3x^2+10x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(5x-3\right)+2\left(5x-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)\left(5x-3\right)=0\)
Mà \(x^2+2>0\Rightarrow5x-3=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{5}\)
\(x^2+y^2-2x+4y+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2x+4y+4+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)
3)\(P\left(x\right)=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12\)
\(P\left(x\right)=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+1+9+2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Vậy \(P\left(x\right)_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
Bài làm
a) 2x2 - 12x + 18 + 2xy - 6y
= 2x2 - 6x - 6x + 18 + 2xy - 6y
= ( 2xy + 2x2 - 6x ) - ( 6y + 6x - 18 )
= 2x( y + x - 3 ) - 6( y + x - 3 )
= ( 2x - 6 ) ( y + x - 3 )
# Học tốt #
1) \(4x^2-12x+y^2-4y+13\)
\(=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.3+3^2\right]+\left(y^2-2.2y+4\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-3\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\)
2) \(x^2+y^2+2y-6x+10\)
\(=\left(x^2+2y+1\right)+\left(y^2-6x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\)
3) \(4x^2+9y^2-4x+6y+2\)
\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2\)
4) \(y^2+2y+5-12x+9x^2\)
\(\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+\left(9x^2-12x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(y+1\right)^2+\left(3x-2\right)^2\)
5) \(x^2+26+6y+9y^2-10x\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2\)
\(x^2+y^2-4x+6y+13=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^3=0\)
Vì: \(\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^3\ge0\forall x;y\)
=> ''='' xảy ra khi x = 2; y = -3
Vậy.........
Lời giải:
\(x^2+y^2-4x+6y+13=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-4x+4)+(y^2+6y+9)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)^2+(y+3)^2=0\)
Vì \((x-2)^2; (y+3)^2\ge 0, \forall x,y\Rightarrow (x-2)^2+(y+3)^2\geq 0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-2)^2=(y+3)^2=0\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=2\\ y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(x^2-8x+y^2+6y+25=0\)
\(\left(x-8\right)x+y\left(y+6\right)+25=0\)
\(x^2+y^2+6y+25=8x\)
\(\Rightarrow x=4,y=-3\)
b ) 4x2-4x+9y2 -12y +5
<=> [( 2x )2 - 4x + 1 ] [ (3y) 2 - 12y + 4 )] = 0
<=> ( 2x - 1 )2 + ( 3y - 2 )2 =0 ( Vì (2x -1)2 >=0 , ( 3y - 2 )2 >= 0 )
<=> 2x - 1 = 0 và 3y -2 = 0
<=> x = 1/2 và y = 2/3
1. \(f\left(x\right)=25x^2-20x+\dfrac{9}{2}\)
=>\(f\left(x\right)=25x^2-20x+4+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(25x^2-20x+4)+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(5x-2)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta thấy: \((5x-2)^2\ge0\)
=>\(f\left(x\right)=(5x-2)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}>0\)(đpcm)
2. \(f\left(x\right)=4x^2-28x+50\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(4x^2-28x+49)+1\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(2x-7)^2+1\)
Ta thấy: \((2x-7)^2\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(2x-7)^2+1\ge1>0\) (đpcm)
3. \(f\left(x\right)=-16x^2+72x-82\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-(16x^2-72x+82)\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-(16x^2-72x+81+1)\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-[(4x-9)^2+1]\)
Ta thấy: \((4x-9)^2\ge0\)
=> \((4x-9)^2+1\ge1>0\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-[(4x-9)^2+1]< 0\)
5. \(f\left(x;y\right)=4x^2+9y^2-12x+6y+11\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=4x^2+9y^2-12x+6y+9+1+1\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(4x^2-12x+9)+(9y^2+6y+1)+1\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(2x-3)^2+(3y+1)^2+1\)
Ta thấy: \((2x-3)^2\ge0\)
\((3y+1)^2\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(2x-3)^2+(3y+1)^2+1\) \(\ge1>0\) (đpcm)
\(x^2+2x+y^2-6y+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
\(B=5-8x+x^2=x^2-8x+16-11=\left(x-4\right)^2-11\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của B là -11 khi x = 4
\(C=x^2+y^2-6x+5y+1=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(y^2+5y+\frac{25}{4}\right)-\frac{57}{4} \)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{57}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của C là \(-\frac{57}{4}\)khi x = 3; y = \(-\frac{5}{2}\)
a)\(x^2-4x+y^2-2y+10=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+5\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+5\ge5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2;y=1
b) tương tự câu a
c)\(x^2+2y^2-6x-8y+2xy+5=x^2+2y^2+2x\left(y-3\right)-8y+5\)
\(=x^2+2x\left(y-3\right)+\left(y^2-6x+9\right)+\left(y^2-2x+1\right)-5\)
\(=x^2+2x\left(y-3\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-5\)
\(=\left(x+y-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-5\ge-5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2;y=1
x4 + 4x2y + 3y2 +6y - 16 = 0
(x4 +4x2y + 4y2) - (y2 -6y + 9) - 7 = 0
(x2 + 2y)2 - (y-3)2 = 7
(x2 +y - 3).(x2 +3y - 3) = 7
....
bn tự lập bảng nha
x2+y2-4x+6y+13=0
(x2-4x+4)+(y2+6y+9)=0
(x-2)2+(y+3)2=0
suy ra x-2=0 hoặc y+3=0
*x-2=0=>x=2 *y+3 =0=> y=-3
vậy x=2,y=-3