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| C3H8 | → | C2H4 | + | CH4 |
| 2CH4 | → | C2H2 | + |
2H2 |
| C2H2 | + | H2 | → | C2H4 |
| C2H4 | + | H2 | → |
C2H6 |
| C2H6 | + | Cl2 | → | HCl | + | C2H5Cl |
2C2H5COONa + 2H2O => C4H10 + NaOH + 2CO2 + H2
2CH4 => C2H2 + H2
C2H2 + H20 => CH3CHO
\(\left(1\right)C_4H_{10}\rightarrow CH_4+C_3H_6\) (PƯ cracking)
\(\left(2\right)CH_4\rightarrow C_2H_2+H_2\) (điều kiện: làm lạnh nhanh)
\(\left(3\right)CH\equiv CH+H_2\rightarrow CH_2=CH_2\) (điều kiện: Pd/PbCO3, t0)
\(\left(4\right)CH_2=CH_2+KMnO_4+H_2O\)\(\rightarrow C_2H_6O_2+MnO_2+KOH\)
\(\left(5\right)nCH_2=CH_2\rightarrow\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\) (điều kiện: nhiệt độ, xúc tác)
\(\left(6\right)3CH\equiv CH\rightarrow C_6H_6\) (điều kiện: xúc tác carbon, nhiệt độ)
\(\left(7\right)C_6H_6+Br_2\rightarrow C_6H_5Br+HBr\)
\(\left(8\right)C_6H_6+C_2H_4\rightarrow C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3\)
\(\left(9\right)C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3\rightarrow C_8H_8+H_2\)
C4H10 -xt-> CH4 + C3H6
Theo PTHH: nCH4(LT)= nC4H10= 1(mol)
Vì nCH4(TT)=0,4(mol)
=> H=(0,4/1).100=40%
1/
\(\left(1\right)4NH_3+5O_2\xrightarrow[pt]{t^0}4NO+6H_2O\)
\(\left(2\right)NO+\frac{1}{2}O_2\rightarrow NO_2\)
\(\left(3\right)4NH_3+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2N_2+6H_2O\)
\(\left(4\right)N_2+O_2\rightarrow2NO\uparrow\)
2/
\(\left(1\right)2NH_4NO_3\underrightarrow{t^0}2N_2+O_2+4H_2O\)
\(\left(2\right)N_2+3H_2\underrightarrow{\leftarrow}2NH_3\)
\(\left(3\right)3NH_3+FeCl_3+3H_2O\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NH_4Cl\)
\(\left(4\right)Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(\left(5\right)4Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe_2O_3+12NO_2+3O_2\)
\(\left(6\right)2NO_2+\frac{1}{2}O_2+H_2O\rightarrow2HNO_3\)
\(\left(7\right)NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
\(\left(8\right)2NaNO_3\rightarrow2NaNO_2+O_2\)
a/ CH3COONa + NaOH => (to,CaO) CH4 + Na2CO3
2CH4 => (làm lạnh nhanh,1500oC) C2H2 + 3H2
3C2H2 => (than hoạt tính, 600oC) C6H6
C6H6 + Br2 => C6H5Br + HBr
C6H5Br + NaOH => C6H5ONa + HBr
C6H5ONa + HCl => C6H5OH + NaCl
C6H5OH + 3HNO3 => C6H3N3O7 + 3H2O
b/ C2H2 + H2 => (Pd,to) C2H4
C2H4 + H2O => (140oC, H2SO4đ) C2H5OH
2C2H5OH => (C2H5)2O + H2O
Câu 2:
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{1500^oC}C_2H_{_{ }2}+3H_2\)
\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}C_2H_4\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{H^+,t^0}C_2H_5OH\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na->2C_2H_5ONa+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\underrightarrow{CaO,t^o}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\)
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\)
\(C_2H_2+2H_2\underrightarrow{Ni,t^o}C_2H_6\)
\(C_2H_6+Br_2\underrightarrow{t^o}C_2H_5Br+HBr\)
\(2C_2H_5Br+2Na\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_4H_{10}+2NaBr\)
\(C_4H_{10}\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH_4+C_3H_6\)
\(C_3H_6+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Ni}C_3H_8\)
\(C_3H_8+Cl_2\underrightarrow{as}C_3H_7Cl+HCl\)