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Bài 1 :
Vì \(\sqrt{3x+2y+z}\ge0\forall x;y;z\)
\(\left|y-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\forall y\)
\(\left(z-2\right)^2\ge0\forall z\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2018\forall x;y;z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x+2y+z=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\\z-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2=0\\y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=2\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy........
Bài 2 :
Lý luận tương tự câu 1) ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+1=0\\x+y+z=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-1\\1-1+z=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-1\\z=0\end{cases}}}\)
Thay x; y; z vào P ta có :
\(P=1^{2018}+\left(-1\right)^{2019}+0^{2020}\)
\(P=1-1+0\)
\(P=0\)
2) a) \(P=3x^2+y^2-8x+2xy+16\)
\(P=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+8\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x-2\right)^2+8\ge8\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của P là 8 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-x\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của P là 8 khi \(x=2;y=-2\)
b) \(Q=x^2+2y^2-2xy-4y+2017\)
\(Q=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2013\)
\(Q=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2013\ge2013\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của Q là 2013 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của Q là 2013 khi \(x=y=2\)
c) \(M=2x^2+y^2-2xy-2x+2016\)
\(M=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2015\)
\(M=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+2015\ge2015\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của M là 2015 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của M là 2015 khi \(x=y=1\)
a, \(A=x^3-x^2y+3x^2-xy+y^2-4y+x+2\)
\(=x^3-x^2y+3x^2-\left(xy-y^2+3y\right)-y+x+3-1\)
\(=x^2\left(x-y+3\right)-y\left(x-y+3\right)+\left(x-y+3\right)-1\)
Thay x-y+3=0 vào A
\(A=x^2.0-y.0+0-1=-1\)
b, \(B=x^3-2x^2y+3x^2+xy^2-3xy-2y+2x+4\)
\(=x^3-x^2y-x^2y+3x^2+xy^2-3xy-2y+2x+4\)
\(=x^3-x^2y+3x^2-x^2y+xy^2-3xy+2x-2y+6-2\)
\(=x^2\left(x-y+3\right)-xy\left(x-y+3\right)+2\left(x-y+3\right)-2\)
Thay x-y+3=0 vào B
\(B=x^2.0-xy.0+2.0-2=-2\)
a) \(M=x^2-8x+2018=x^2-8x+16+2002=\left(x-4\right)^2+2002\)
\(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2+2002\ge2002\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 4 = 0 => x = 4
Vậy MMin = 2002 khi x = 4
b) \(N=4x^2-12x+2019=4x^2-12x+9+2010=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2010\)
\(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+2010\ge2010\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> 2x - 3 = 0 => x = 3/2
Vậy NMin = 2010 khi x = 3/2
c) \(P=x^2-x+2016=x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{8063}{4}=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{8063}{4}\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{8063}{4}\ge\frac{8063}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 1/2 = 0 => x = 1/2
Vậy PMin = 8063/4 khi x = 1/2
d) \(Q=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+2020\)
\(Q=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+2015\)
\(Q=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+2015\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+2015\ge2015\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy QMin = 2015 khi x = 1 ; y = -2