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\(A=\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b+a+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b+b+c}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Nên max A là \(\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1 :
a) \(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne4\\x\ne9\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{3-\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{x-9-x+4+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b) Để \(A< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-2< -\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy để \(A< -1\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Lúc đó: \(B=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
Mà \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{2}{xy}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
Cần chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Thật vậy: \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow4\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-4ab+4b^2-a^2-b^2-2ab\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Áp dụng:\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)}=2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Cô si): \(A\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a\left(b+c\right).b\left(c+a\right).c\left(a+b\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(ab+ca\right)\left(bc+ab\right)\left(ca+bc\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
P/s: Check giúp em xem có ngược dấu không:v
Cach khac
Dat \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\\xyz\le1\end{cases}}\)
Ta co:
\(A=\frac{1}{ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{bc+c^2}+\frac{1}{ca+a^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+\frac{xy}{z}}+\frac{1}{y+\frac{yz}{x}}+\frac{1}{z+\frac{zx}{y}}\ge\frac{9}{3+xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}\ge\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\)khi \(a=b=c=1\)