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\(\dfrac{2n+1}{n-1}=\dfrac{2n-2+3}{n-1}=\dfrac{2n-2}{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n-1}=2+\dfrac{3}{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow3⋮n-1\Rightarrow n-1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
\(Ư\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
Xét ước
\(n^2+1⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+2n-2n+1⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+2n-2n-4+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+2\right)-2\left(n+2\right)+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\left(n+2\right)+5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow5⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow n+2\inƯ\left(5\right)\)
\(Ư\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)
Xét ước
\(\dfrac{n^2-3n+2}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2-3n+2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-4n+2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-4n-4+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)-4\left(n+1\right)+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\left(n+1\right)+6⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow6⋮n+1\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(6\right)\)
\(Ư\left(6\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)
Xét ước
a) Để \(H=\frac{9}{\sqrt{n}-5}\)là 1 số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow9⋮\sqrt{n}-5\Rightarrow\sqrt{n}-5\inƯ\left(9\right)=\left(\pm1;\pm3;\pm9\right)\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(\sqrt{n}-5\) | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 | 9 | -9 |
| \(\sqrt{n}\) | 6 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 14 | -4 |
| \(n\) | 2.44 | 2 | 2.828 | 1.41 | 3.74 | -2 |
Mà \(n\in Z\Rightarrow n\in\left(2;-2\right)\)
Bài 1.
Giải
a) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-12+21}{n-4}=\dfrac{3\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để \(A\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{21}{n-4}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow21⋮\left(n-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\inƯ\left(21\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)
Ta có bẳng sau:
| \(n-4\) | \(-21\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(7\) | \(21\) |
| \(n\) | \(-17\) | \(-3\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(7\) | \(11\) | \(25\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{-17;-3;1;3;5;7;11;25\right\}\) thì \(A\in Z.\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{6n+5}{2n-1}=\dfrac{6n-3+8}{2n-1}=\dfrac{3\left(2n-1\right)+8}{2n-1}=3+\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\)
Để \(B\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow8⋮\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\inƯ\left(8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(2n-1\) | \(-8\) | \(-4\) | \(-2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(4\) | \(8\) |
| \(2n\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(9\) |
| \(n\) | \(\dfrac{-7}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\) | \(0\) | \(1\) | \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{5}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{\dfrac{-7}{2};\dfrac{-3}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2};0;1;\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{9}{2}\right\}\)
Bạn Nguyen Thi Huyen giải bài 1 rồi nên mình giải tiếp các bài kia nhé!
Bài 2:
\(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}+\dfrac{x-17}{2001}=\dfrac{x-16}{2002}+\dfrac{x-15}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-17}{2001}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-16}{2002}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-15}{2003}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}=\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2018\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{1}{2000}>\dfrac{1}{2001}>\dfrac{1}{2002}>\dfrac{1}{2003}\) nên:
\(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}+\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\). Do đó:
\(x-2018=0\Leftrightarrow x=2018\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20}{4x}+\dfrac{xy}{4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{4x+4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Hoán vị ngoại tỉ ta có: \(\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
Thế x = 8 vào : \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) .Ta có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=-2\)
Vậy: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=\dfrac{3}{1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{3}{1}\) (hoán vị ngoại tỉ)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{5}{1}\). Suy ra nghiệm x,y có dạng \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1k\\y=5k\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)\). Bằng các phép thử lại ta dễ dàng suy ra x,y vô nghiệm.
a) \(2^{-1}\cdot2^n+4\cdot2^n=9\cdot2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot\left(2^{-1}+4\right)=9\cdot2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot4,5=288\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n=64\)
\(\Rightarrow n=6\)
b) \(2^m-2^n=1984\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n\cdot\left(2^{m-n}-1\right)=2^6\cdot31\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^n=2^6\\2^{m-n}-1=31\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n=6\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{m-n}=32\Rightarrow m-n=5\Rightarrow m=11\)
C1:
a/5=b/9=a-b/5-9=9/-4=-2.25(theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
Với a/5=-2.25 suy ra a=-2.25×5=-11/25
Với b/9=-2.25 suy ra b=-2.25×9=-11.25
B:n/10=m/5=z/4=n-m+z/10-5+4=2/
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(x^2=1\)
=>x=1 hoặc x=-1
=>x là số hữu tỉ
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}=\dfrac{4\left(3n+2\right)}{4n-5}=\dfrac{12n+8}{4n-5}=\dfrac{3\left(4n-5\right)+23}{4n-5}=3+\dfrac{23}{4n-5}\)
Để \(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\) là số tự nhiên
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{23}{4n-5}\)là số tự nhiên
\(\Rightarrow\)23 chia hết cho 4n-5
\(\Rightarrow\)4n-5\(\in\) Ư(23)
\(\Rightarrow\)4n-5\(\in\){1;23}
Nếu 4n- 5= 1\(\Rightarrow\) 4n= 6\(\Rightarrow\) n= \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)(Không thỏa mãn n\(\in\) Z)
Nếu 4n- 5=23\(\Rightarrow\) 4n= 28\(\Rightarrow\) n= 7( Thỏa mãn n\(\in\) Z)
Vậy n=7 thì\(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\) là số tự nhiên.
\(\dfrac{3n+2}{4n-5}\in N\Rightarrow3n+2⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(3n+2\right)⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow12n+8⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow12n-15+23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(4n-5\right)+23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow23⋮4n-5\)
\(\Rightarrow4n-5\in U\left(23\right)\)
\(U\left(23\right)=\left\{1;23\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4n-5=1\Rightarrow4n=6\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(KTM\right)\\4n-5=23\Rightarrow4n=28\Rightarrow n=7\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
A= \(\dfrac{3x+2}{x-3}\)= \(\dfrac{3\left(x-3\right)+11}{x-3}\)= 3 + \(\dfrac{11}{x-3}\)
Để A là số nguyên <=> \(\dfrac{11}{x-3}\) là số nguyên
<=> 11 chia hết cho x-3
<=> x-3 thuộc Ư(11)
Ta có bảng sau
| x-3 | 1 | -1 | 11 | -11 |
| x | 4 | 2 | 14 | -8 |
Vậy x thuộc { 4;2;14;-8}
a, A= \(\dfrac{3x+2}{x-3}\)
Để A là số nguyên⇒ 3x+ 2⋮ x- 3
Vì x- 3⋮ x- 3
⇒ 3.(x- 3)⋮ x- 3
⇒ 3x- 3.3⋮ x-3
⇒ 3x- 9⋮ x-3
Mà 3x+ 2⋮ x-3
⇒ ( 3x+ 2)- ( 3x- 9)⋮ x-3
⇒ 3x+ 2- 3x+ 9⋮ x-3
⇒ ( 3x- 3x)+ ( 2+ 9)⋮ x- 3
⇒ 11⋮ x- 3
⇒ x- 3∈ Ư(11)
⇒ x- 3∈ ( -11; -1; 1; 11)
⇒ x∈ ( -8; 2; 4; 14)
Vậy....................
b, B= \(\dfrac{x^2+3x-7}{x+3}\)
Để B là số nguyên⇒ x2+3x-7 ⋮ x+3
Vì x+ 3⋮ x+ 3
⇒ x(x+3)⋮ x+ 3
⇒ x2+x.3⋮ x+ 3
Mà x2+ 3x- 7⋮ x+ 3
⇒ (x2+x.3)-( x2+3x-7)⋮ x+ 3
⇒ x2+ x.3- x2 -3x+ 7⋮ x+3
⇒ (x2-x2)+(3x- 3x)+ 7⋮ x+ 7
⇒ 7⋮ x+ 7
⇒ x+ 7∈ Ư(7)
⇒ x+ 7∈ (-7; -1; 1; 7)
⇒ x∈ ( -14; -8; -6; 0)
Vậy......................................
c, C= \(\dfrac{2x-1}{x+2}\)
Để C là số nguyên⇒ 2x-1⋮ x+2
Vì x+ 2⋮ x+2
⇒ 2( x+2)⋮ x+2
⇒ 2x+ 4⋮ x+2
Mà 2x- 1⋮ x+2
⇒ (2x+4)- (2x-1)⋮ x+2
⇒ 2x+ 4- 2x+ 1⋮ x+2
⇒ (2x-2x)+ (4+1)⋮ x+2
⇒ 5⋮ x+2
⇒ x+2∈ Ư(5)
⇒ x+2∈ (-5; -1; 1; 5)
⇒ x∈ ( -7; -3; -1; 3)
Vậy..........................................