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*Phương pháp nối tiếp
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,75\cdot0,2=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,15___0,075______0,075 (mol)
\(Na_2CO_3+H_2O+CO_2\rightarrow2NaHCO_3\)
0,025__________0,025_______0,05 (mol)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,075-0,025=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,05\cdot106+0,05\cdot84=9,5\left(g\right)\)
`n_(CO_2) = (2,24)/(22,4)=0,1(mol)`
`n_(NaOH)=0,75 . 0,2=0,15`
`=> 1 < (n_(CO_2))/(n_(NaOH)) <2`
`=>` Tạo 2 muối: `NaHCO_3` và `Na_2CO_3`.
`CO_2+NaOH->NaHCO_3`
....`x`........`x`..........`x`
`CO_2+2NaOH->Na_2CO_3+H_2O`
....`y`.........`2y`.........`y`..............`y`
`=> {(x+y=0.1),(x+2y=0.15):} <=> x=y=0,05`
`=> m_(\text{muối})=m_(NaHCO_3)+m_(Na_2CO_3)`
`=0,05.84+0,05.106=9,5(g)`
\(Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \rightarrow 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2O\)
\(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)
\(NaOH + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O\)
\(n_{NaOH} = 0,2 . 1 = 0,2 mol\)
\(n_{HCl dư} = n_{NaOH}= 0,2 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl pư}= n_{HCl ban đầu} - n_{HCl dư}= 1,4- 0,2 = 1,2 mol\)
Gọi n\(Fe_2O_3\) và n\(CuO\) là x, y
\(\begin{cases} 160x + 80y=40\\ 6x + 2y= 1,2 \end{cases} \)
\(\begin{cases} x=0,1\\ y=0,3 \end{cases} \)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}= 0,1 . 160= 16g\)
\(m_{CuO} = 0,3 . 80=24g\)
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b________b_________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\2a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{Na_2CO_3}+m_{NaHCO_3}=0,05\cdot106+0,15\cdot84=17,9\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
NaOH dư nên tính theo CO2
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,12\cdot106=12,72\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=3,33\)
⇒ Pư tạo muối trung hòa Na2CO3.
PT: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
____0,12______________0,12 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,12.106=12,72\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
nCO2=0,1 nNaOH=1,4
\(\rightarrow\)\(\frac{nNaOH}{nCO2}\)=\(\frac{1,4}{0,1}\)=14>2
Tạo Na2CO3
CO2+2NaOH\(\rightarrow\)Na2CO3+H2O
nNa2CO3=0,1
\(\rightarrow\)m muối =0,1.106=10,6g
Sai rồi