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21 tháng 8 2023

1. I wasn't well yesterday. I spent most of the day in bed.

2. Some cars can go faster than others.

3. Many people drive too fast.

4. Some photographs you took on holiday were very good.

5. Some people learn more quickly than others.

6. We've eaten most of the food we bought. There's very little left.

7. Have you spent all of the money you borrowed?

8. Peter can't stop talking. He talks all the time.

9. We had a lazy holiday. We spent most of the time on the beach.

10. George is easy to get on with. Most people like him.

11. The exam was difficult. I could only answer half of the questions.

12. It was a public holiday. None of the shops were open.

1. Read the text. Choose the right words and write them on the lines Airports You can fly to places all over (1) ................. world from airports. Planes and helicopters leave and arrive (2) .................. day. You often take a plane from an airport when you go to (3) .................. country on holiday or for work. Some people go to airports because they (4) ............... watching planes there. You can get to airports (5) ................ bus, taxi or car. Sometimes you go there...
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1. Read the text. Choose the right words and write them on the lines

Airports

You can fly to places all over (1) ................. world from airports. Planes and helicopters leave and arrive (2) .................. day. You often take a plane from an airport when you go to (3) .................. country on holiday or for work. Some people go to airports because they (4) ............... watching planes there. You can get to airports (5) ................ bus, taxi or car. Sometimes you go there to meet friends (6) .................. are arriving from other places. In most airports there are shops, cafés and toilet. People (7) ................. buy things before they get on the plane. These things are usually cheaper in airports (8) .................... in other shops. You have to wait in a place called the 'departure lounge' befor you fly. A lot of people (9) ................... in airports. People have to clean them all the time because (10) .................... are very big and a lot of people use them. You can see pilots there, too. There are (11) ..................... policemen and policewomen, and mechanics who work on the planes before they fly.

1. a / an / the

2. some / every / any

3. many / another / other

4. enjoys / enjoy / enjoyed

5. by / for / with

6. what / which / who

7. can / are / have

8. that / than / then

9. works / working / work

10. they / it / you

11. twice / also / together

1
10 tháng 8 2017

Airports

You can fly to places all over (1) ................. world from airports. Planes and helicopters leave and arrive (2) .................. day. You often take a plane from an airport when you go to (3) .................. country on holiday or for work. Some people go to airports because they (4) ............... watching planes there. You can get to airports (5) ................ bus, taxi or car. Sometimes you go there to meet friends (6) .................. are arriving from other places. In most airports there are shops, cafés and toilet. People (7) ................. buy things before they get on the plane. These things are usually cheaper in airports (8) .................... in other shops. You have to wait in a place called the 'departure lounge' befor you fly. A lot of people (9) ................... in airports. People have to clean them all the time because (10) .................... are very big and a lot of people use them. You can see pilots there, too. There are (11) ..................... policemen and policewomen, and mechanics who work on the planes before they fly.

1. a / an / the

2. some / every / any

3. many / another / other

4. enjoys / enjoy / enjoyed

5. by / for / with

6. what / which / who

7. can / are / have

8. that / than / then

9. works / working / work

10. they / it / you

11. twice / also / together

Fill in each gap with the most suitable word to complete the text Living in the countryside is something that people from the city often dream about. However, in reality, it has …(1)… its advantages and disadvantages. There are certain some …(2 )… to live in the countryside as you can enjoy peace and quiet. In the countryside there are not many cars and motorbikes, so that it is not very noisy every day and of course the air is clean. Moreover, people in the countryside tend to be...
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Fill in each gap with the most suitable word to complete the text 

Living in the countryside is something that people from the city often dream about. However, in reality, it has …(1)… its advantages and disadvantages. There are certain some …(2 )… to live in the countryside as you can enjoy peace and quiet. In the countryside there are not many cars and motorbikes, so that it is not very noisy every day and of course the air is clean. Moreover, people in the countryside tend to be friendlier …(3)… more open to others. Another advantage is that the food is also fresher. Many kinds of food have the root from the countryside, it is …(4)… delicious than in the city. On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to the life …(5)… from the city. Firstly, because there are fewer people, you are likely to …(6)… fewer friends. In addition, entertainment …(7)… difficult to find, particularly in the evening. Furthermore, the fact …(8)… there are fewer shops and services means that it is harder to …(9)… job. As a result, we may have to travel a …(10)… way to work, which extremely expensive.

0
Put a suitable preposition into each gap to complete the sentences: 1.Is Miss Smith............home? 2.I usually breakfast .....................6.30 in the morning 3.My birthday is ....................May 5th . 4.We get a lot of rain.......................july 5.Most people like swimming ...........................summer 6.He never comes.....................time for the class.He's alway late. 7.I'm very busy ............present 8.................the moment , we are concentrating on our...
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Put a suitable preposition into each gap to complete the sentences:

1.Is Miss Smith............home?

2.I usually breakfast .....................6.30 in the morning

3.My birthday is ....................May 5th .

4.We get a lot of rain.......................july

5.Most people like swimming ...........................summer

6.He never comes.....................time for the class.He's alway late.

7.I'm very busy ............present

8.................the moment , we are concentrating on our study.

9.He was standing....................the middle of the room.

10.Please write your name.............the top of the page.

11.There is vocabulary...................the end of the book

12.I shall see her.......................the geginning of the week

13.Are you raedy................................the journey

14.Can we be sure.........................his honesty?

15.I don't agree..................you at all........that

16.Have you all brought your books ......................you?

17.He spent many years.........................the people of Africa

18.Some people are always talking..................sports.

19.Hurry!We will be late..............................class

20.Thay ran ...................the road to the police station opposite

21.She spends a lot of money.....................clothes and cosmetics

22.The beggar asked me .......................some money

23.I spoke ...................her........................the phone yesterday.

24.Subways travel......the ground.

25.What is the difference ....................those two words?

26.Some students are keen .....................learning English.

27.My grandfather was interested...........................gardenning and ornamental plants

28.He is leaving...................New York from Gatwick.

1
15 tháng 7 2019

Put a suitable preposition into each gap to complete the sentences:

1.Is Miss Smith......at......home?

2.I usually breakfast ...........at..........6.30 in the morning

3.My birthday is .........in...........May 5th .

4.We get a lot of rain.........in..............july

5.Most people like swimming .............in..............summer

6.He never comes.........on............time for the class.He's alway late.

7.I'm very busy .......at.....present

8...........at......the moment , we are concentrating on our study.

9.He was standing.........in...........the middle of the room.

10.Please write your name....on.........the top of the page.

11.There is vocabulary......at.............the end of the book

12.I shall see her............at...........the geginning of the week

13.Are you raedy.........for.......................the journey

14.Can we be sure..........for...............his honesty?

15.I don't agree....with..............you at all........that

16.Have you all brought your books ...........for...........you?

17.He spent many years...........on..............the people of Africa

18.Some people are always talking.............about.....sports.

19.Hurry!We will be late.............for.................class

20.Thay ran .......across............the road to the police station opposite

21.She spends a lot of money............on.........clothes and cosmetics

22.The beggar asked me .............about..........some money

23.I spoke .........to..........her..............on..........the phone yesterday.

24.Subways travel...by...the ground.

25.What is the difference ...........among.........those two words?

26.Some students are keen .............on........learning English.

27.My grandfather was interested..........in................gardenning and ornamental plants

28.He is leaving........to...........New York from Gatwick.

10 tháng 8 2018

1.some fruit

2.will be able to

3.afraid 

4.for

5.thirsty

6.never

7.must not

8.does she come 

9.easier

10.winning

k cho mk nhé

A visit to the Ocean Center – by Rebecca Hardy, aged 13My family and I went to the Ocean Center in my hometown recently. It was one of the mostamazing places I’ve ever been. We don’t live near the sea, so I don’t get much chance to seeliving creatures for myself.Inside the center you go on what they call an ocean journey. It takes you from the smalleststream, through rivers, and out into the deepest ocean. Along the way you meet fish and othercreatures that live in these places. And...
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A visit to the Ocean Center – by Rebecca Hardy, aged 13

My family and I went to the Ocean Center in my hometown recently. It was one of the most

amazing places I’ve ever been. We don’t live near the sea, so I don’t get much chance to see

living creatures for myself.

Inside the center you go on what they call an ocean journey. It takes you from the smallest

stream, through rivers, and out into the deepest ocean. Along the way you meet fish and other

creatures that live in these places. And there are thousands of them – some pretty and peaceful,

and others frightening and deadly.

Our guide told us that the Center was originally set up to help look after the seas and protect the

life within them. In fact, every entry ticket bought there helps the Center to achieve its aim, so I felt

my visit was in a good cause.

By chance, we arrived just at feeding time and watched staff give food to hundreds of fish. I

wanted to do it too, but the staff wouldn’t let me. But I’d still really recommend being there at

feeding time. You’ll see feeding times advertised at the ticket sales, or you can telephone in

advance to find out when they are.

The most fascinating part of the visit for me was a new exhibition at the Center that told the story

of seahorses across the world. It has the biggest collection for these magical creatures in Europe,

and almost as many as one in the USA. I found out about what they ate, and how a male

seahorse managed to give birth to 1500 babies! And although our guide told us it was hard to see

the young ones, we were lucky enough to catch sight of some in the tank!

We also went to one of the Center’s talks about the underwater world.

Ours was called ‘Sharks’,

and the one on the following day was called ‘Creatures of the Deep’. There are talks on other

topics given on different days, so it’s best to check which talk will take place on the day you go.

Once we’d bought our ticket, we could go in and out of the Center as many times as we liked

during the day. We can also buy an annual pass that gives you unlimited entry all year around. I’m

saving up for one!

For questions 1 – 5, circle A, if the sentence is correct, or B, if the sentence is incorrect.

For questions 6 – 10, answer the questions. Use your own words.

1. Rebecca hardy’s home is close to the coast.

2. At the Ocean Center, you can see fish from both seas and rivers.

3. All the creatures that are on display at the Center aren’t dangerous.

4. The admission fee for the center goes to environmental projects.

5. Rebecca was allowed to feed the fish at the Center.

6. Rebecca had to book in advance to see the fish at their feeding time.

7. The Ocen Centre has the largest collection of seahorses in the world.

8. Rebecca was pleased that she was able to see baby seahorses in the exhibition.

9. Each day, the Centre holds lots of talks on different topics.

10. Rebecca found she could leave and return to the Centre during her visit without paying again.

0
Part 3: Give the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the letter. Dear Kay, Isabella and I are having the (1. good).................... holiday of our life! We are in Vinabliss Resort, one of the (2. lovely) .................... islands in the Eastern Sea. Although it is much (3.small)............... than Vinaland, there seems to be (4. much).................... to do than in Vinaland. Moreover, the people here seem to be (5. friendly)..................... than those on other...
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Part 3: Give the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the letter.

Dear Kay,

Isabella and I are having the (1. good).................... holiday of our life! We are in Vinabliss Resort, one of the (2. lovely) .................... islands in the Eastern Sea. Although it is much (3.small)............... than Vinaland, there seems to be (4. much).................... to do than in Vinaland. Moreover, the people here seem to be (5. friendly)..................... than those on other islands. We are staying in the (6. modern) ....................... hotel I have ever seen. It is far (7.comfortable)................................... than any other hotels and it is even (8.big)................. than the world-famous Calton hotel. The (9.near)......................... beach is (10.little) .......................than a hundred meters away, so we can go swimming a lot. It's really good and I want you to be here with us.

Love,

Maltida.

3
16 tháng 4 2017

Part 3: Give the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the letter.

Dear Kay,

Isabella and I are having the (1. good).......best............. holiday of our life! We are in Vinabliss Resort, one of the (2. lovely) ...........most lovely......... islands in the Eastern Sea. Although it is much (3.small).......smaller........ than Vinaland, there seems to be (4. much)........more........... to do than in Vinaland. Moreover, the people here seem to be (5. friendly)........friendlier............. than those on other islands. We are staying in the (6. modern) ..........most modern............. hotel I have ever seen. It is far (7.comfortable)................but more comfortable................... than any other hotels and it is even (8.big).........bigger........ than the world-famous Calton hotel. The (9.near)..........nearest............... beach is (10.little) ........less...............than a hundred meters away, so we can go swimming a lot. It's really good and I want you to be here with us.

Love,

Maltida.

16 tháng 4 2017

1.best

2.loveliest

3.smaller

4.more

5.friendlier

6.more modern

7.more comfortable

8.bigger

9.nearest

10.less

I. Circle the letter preceding the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. (1pt) 1. A. hear B. near C. fear D. pear 2. A. gather B. monthly C. father D. brother 3. A. favorite B. slight C. fine D. high 4. A. cold B. hold C. close D. cloth II. Vocabulary and grammar. Circle the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each of the following sentences. (2 pts) 1. "________ a nice T-shirt, Hoa!" " Thank you". A. How B. What C. Which D. It 2." I've just received a...
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I. Circle the letter preceding the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. (1pt) 1. A. hear B. near C. fear D. pear 2. A. gather B. monthly C. father D. brother 3. A. favorite B. slight C. fine D. high 4. A. cold B. hold C. close D. cloth II. Vocabulary and grammar. Circle the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each of the following sentences. (2 pts) 1. "________ a nice T-shirt, Hoa!" " Thank you". A. How B. What C. Which D. It 2." I've just received a present from my mother." A. Really B. Thank you C. Congratulations D. Well 3. He can't swim ________he is afraid of water. A. because B. but C. and D. so 4. At the weekend, we can play a________of badminton or join a football match. A. sport B. game C. match D. sporty 5. This is the________restaurant I have ever known. A. worst B. baddest C. badder D. worse 6. Many girls and women________ aerobics to keep fit. A. play B. went C. do D. go 7. __________eat too much salt. It's not good for you. A. Do B. Please C. Don't D. Can't 8. It's very__________to swim there. The water is heavily polluted. A. safe B. unpopular C. unsafe D. good 9. ___________the programme is late, we will wait to watch it. A. Because B. Although C. When D. So 10. As it doesn't snow in Viet Nam, we cannot __________skiing. A. make B. do C. go D. does III. Give the correct form of the verbs in simple past or present perfect. (2pts). 1) We (study)...............a very hard lesson the day before yesterday. 2) We (study)................................................almost every lesson in this book so far. 3) We (watch)..........................that television program. 4) We (watch).....................an interesting program on television last night. 5) My wife and I........................................(travel) by air many times in the past 6) My wife and I (travel).................................. to Mexico by air last summer 7) I (read)..................that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before. 8) I (read).........................that novel again during my last vacation. 9) I (have).........................a little trouble with my car last week. 10) However, I (have)......................... no trouble with my car since then. IV. Reading: Use the given words in the box to complete the following passage. There is ONE word you don't need to use (2pts) different some watch sporty go listening do play chatting (1)_____________students in my school are very (2)_____________. They take part in (3)_____________activities after school. Some students usually (4)_____________football, table tennis or badminton. Others (5)_____________swimming or jogging in the park. Some students don't like sports. They often go home and (6)_____________television. Sometimes, they like (7)_____________to music or (8)_____________on the Internet. V. Writing 1. Write complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases. You can make all the necessary changes and additions. (3pts) 1. you / ever /have/ read / that / book / yet? -> ………………………………………… 2. The USA /in/ has / colour TV / 1953. -> ………………………………………… 3. The Eiffel Tower / most / famous building / Paris/is/the/in. -> ………………………………………… 4. Ngoc/has / never / been / to /Ho Chi Minh City / before. -> ………………………………………… 5. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is) -> ………………………………………… 6. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before) -> …………………………………………

1
29 tháng 6 2021

I. Circle the letter preceding the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. (1pt)

1. A. hear B. near C. fear D. pear

2. A. gather B. monthly C. father D. brother

3. A. favorite B. slight C. fine D. high

4. A. cold B. hold C. close D. cloth

II. Vocabulary and grammar. Circle the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each of the following sentences. (2 pts)

1. "________ a nice T-shirt, Hoa!" " Thank you".

A. How B. What C. Which D. It

2." I've just received a present from my mother."

A. Really B. Thank you C. Congratulations D. Well

3. He can't swim ________he is afraid of water.

A. because B. but C. and D. so

4. At the weekend, we can play a________of badminton or join a football match.

A. sport B. game C. match D. sporty

5. This is the________restaurant I have ever known.

A. worst B. baddest C. badder D. worse

6. Many girls and women________ aerobics to keep fit.

A. play B. went C. do D. go

7. __________eat too much salt. It's not good for you.

A. Do B. Please C. Don't D. Can't

8. It's very__________to swim there. The water is heavily polluted.

A. safe B. unpopular C. unsafe D. good

9. ___________the programme is late, we will wait to watch it.

A. Because B. Although C. When D. So

10. As it doesn't snow in Viet Nam, we cannot __________skiing.

A. make B. do C. go D. does

III. Give the correct form of the verbs in simple past or present perfect. (2pts).

1) We (study) studied a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.

2) We (study)  have studied almost every lesson in this book so far.

3) We ( never watch)   have never watched that television program.

4) We (watch)  watched an interesting program on television last night.

5) My wife and I have  travelled   (  travel) by air many times in the past

6) My wife and I (travel) travelled    to Mexico by air last summer

7) I (read)  have read that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before.

8) I (read) read that novel again during my last vacation.

9) I (have) had .a little trouble with my car last week.

10) However, I (have) have had no trouble with my car since then.

IV. Reading: Use the given words in the box to complete the following passage. There is ONE word you don't need to use (2pts) different -some- watch -sporty- go- listening- do -play- chatting

(1)Some students in my school are very (2)sporty . They take part in (3) different  activities after school. Some students usually (4)play  football, table tennis or badminton. Others go (5) swimming or jogging in the park. Some students don't sports. They often go home and (6)watch   television. Sometimes, they (7) listening   to   music or (8)  chatting  on the Internet.

V. Writing 1. Write complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases. You can make all the necessary changes and additions. (3pts)

1. you / ever /have/ read / that / book / yet? ->  Have you ever read that book yet ? 

2. The USA /in/ has / colour TV / 1953. ->  The USA has had  colour TV since 1953 

3. The Eiffel Tower / most / famous building / Paris/is/the/in. ->  The Eiffel Tower is the most famous building in Paris 

4. Ngoc/has / never / been / to /Ho Chi Minh City / before. -> Ngoc has never been to Ho Chi Minh city before

5. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is) ->  This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food 

6. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before) ->  I have never read a better novel than this one before

V. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. 1. A: Was it a good film? B: No, it wasn’t very (interest) __________. In fact, it was very (bore) ___________. 2. A: I’m always very (tire) _________ after a day at work. I can’t do anything in the evening. B: Why don’t you watch a film? A: I always fall asleep. Sometimes, I put on the most (excite) ___________ film that I really want to see but I always fall asleep. 3. A: I’m an actor. Acting is a very...
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V. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. A: Was it a good film?
B: No, it wasn’t very (interest) __________. In fact, it was very (bore) ___________.
2. A: I’m always very (tire) _________ after a day at work. I can’t do anything in the evening.
B: Why don’t you watch a film?
A: I always fall asleep. Sometimes, I put on the most (excite) ___________ film that I really want to see
but I always fall asleep.
3. A: I’m an actor. Acting is a very (tire) _____________ job. It isn’t (relax)_____________ at all. Are you
(relax) _______________?
B: No way. I’m a worker.
4. The “Spy Returns” is a very (excite) __________ film about a wealthy man who visits Italy.
5. They were (disappoint) ____________ when they read the result.
6. Do you feel ( attract) _____________ to this kind of job?
7. The (tire) ___________ horse was drinking water.
8. I like eating (boil) ______________ eggs.
9. Mr. Smith seems quite (satisfy) _____________ with his new job.
10. Mary appeared with a (please) ______________ smile.
Question VI: Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.
2. They have very little money. They are happy.
In spite of .......................................................................................................................................
3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village.
Although ........................................................................................................................................
4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly.
In spite of .......................................................................................................................................
5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other.
Despite ..........................................................................................................................................
6. I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes.
Even though ..................................................................................................................................

1
20 tháng 4 2020

V. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. A: Was it a good film?
B: No, it wasn’t very (interest) INTERESTING. In fact, it was very (bore) BORING.
2. A: I’m always very (tire) TIRED after a day at work. I can’t do anything in the evening.
B: Why don’t you watch a film?
A: I always fall asleep. Sometimes, I put on the most (excite) EXCITING film that I really want to see
but I always fall asleep.
3. A: I’m an actor. Acting is a very (tire) TIRING job. It isn’t (relax) RELAXING at all. Are you
(relax) RELAXED?
B: No way. I’m a worker.
4. The “Spy Returns” is a very (excite) EXCTING film about a wealthy man who visits Italy.
5. They were (disappoint) DISAPPOINTED when they read the result.
6. Do you feel ( attract) ATTRACTED to this kind of job?
7. The (tire) TIRED horse was drinking water.
8. I like eating (boil) BOILED eggs.

9. Mr. Smith seems quite (satisfy) SATISFIED with his new job.
10. Mary appeared with a (please) PLEASING smile.
Question VI: Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.
2. They have very little money. They are happy.
In spite of having very little money, they are happy

3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village.
Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village
4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly.
In spite of the silly story, I enjoyed the film
5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other.
Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other
6. I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes.
Even though I was only out for five minutes I got very wet in the rain

21 tháng 4 2020

em cảm ơn chị nhìu lắm ạngaingung

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn Bài1: chọn đúng thì của các câu sau :1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.2. What were you doing / did you do when I phoned?3. They didn't visit/weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.4. It rained / was raining heavily last July.5. While people were talking tl each other, he read / was readinghis book.6. Chris was eating / ate pizza every weekend last month.7. While we...
Đọc tiếp

Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn 

Bài1: chọn đúng thì của các câu sau :

1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.

2. What were you doing / did you do when I phoned?

3. They didn't visit/weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.

4. It rained / was raining heavily last July.

5. While people were talking tl each other, he read / was readinghis book.

6. Chris was eating / ate pizza every weekend last month.

7. While we were running / run in the park, Mary fell over.

8. Did you find / were you finding  your keys yesterday?

9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?10. They were watching / watched football on TV all day.

Bài 2: tìm cácloi sai trong các câu sau :

1. I was play football when she called me. 

2. Was you study Math at  5 p.m. yesterday?

3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch?

4. Where didyou went last Sunday?

5. They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday.

6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning.

7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did. 

8. Lastweek my friend and I go to the beach on the bus.

9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell.

10. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened.

Bài3: hoàn thành các câu sauvới từ cho sẵn

1.Where /you /go? When/ you/ go?

-> 

2. Who /you/ go with?

-> 

3. How/ you/ get/ there?

->

4. What/ you /do/ during the day?

->

5. you / have / a / good / time?

6. you/ have / any / problems?

->

7. How/ long/you be /there?

->

8. What /your parents/ do/ while /you /go /on holiday?

->

Bài4:chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diện.

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I(go) ..... to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) ..... in the sea while my mother was sleeping in my sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink) ....... some water. Suddenly I (see) ....... a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair  (be) .... beautiful black. He was very tall and thìn and his face was brown. My heart (beat) ...... fast. I (ask) ..... him for his name and with a shy voice. He (tell) ..... me that his name was John. He (stay) ...... with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in the restaurant. The following days we(have) ....... a lot of fun together. At the end Of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

6
8 tháng 8 2016

1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.

2. What were you doing / did you do when I phoned?

3. They didn't visit/weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.

4. It rained / was raining heavily last July.

5. While people were talking tl each other, he read / was readinghis book.

6. Chris was eating / ate pizza every weekend last month.

7. While we were running / run in the park, Mary fell over.

8. Did you find / were you finding  your keys yesterday?

9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?10. They were watching / watched football on TV all day.

Bài 2: tìm cácloi sai trong các câu sau :

1. I was play =>playing football when she called me. 

2. Was =>didyou study Math at  5 p.m. yesterday?

3. What was she do=>doing while her mother was making lunch?

4. Where didyou went=>go last Sunday?

5. They weren't sleep=>sleeping during the meeting last Monday.

6. He got up early and have =>had breakfast with his family yesterday morning.

7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did. 

8. Lastweek my friend and I go =>went to the beach on the bus.

9. While I am =>was listening to music, I heard the doorbell.

10. Peter turn=>turned on the TV, but nothing happened.

Bài3: hoàn thành các câu sauvới từ cho sẵn

1.Where /you /go? When/ you/ go?

-> where did you go? when did you go

2. Who /you/ go with?

-> who did you go with?

3. How/ you/ get/ there?

->how travel do you get there?

4. What/ you /do/ during the day?

->what do you do during the day?

5. you / have / a / good / time?

do you have a good time?

6. you/ have / any / problems?

->do you have any problems

7. How/ long/you be /there?

->how long are you there?

8. What /your parents/ do/ while /you /go /on holiday?

->what were your parents doing while you were going on holiday?

Bài4:chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diện.

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I(go) .want.... to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) ..was swimming... in the sea while my mother was sleeping in my sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink) ...was drinking.... some water. Suddenly I (see) ...saw.... a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair  (be)was .... beautiful black. He was very tall and thìn and his face was brown. My heart (beat) .was beating..... fast. I (ask) ..asked... him for his name and with a shy voice. He (tell) told..... me that his name was John. He (stay) ....stayed.. with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in the restaurant. The following days we(have) ..had..... a lot of fun together. At the end Of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

 
8 tháng 8 2016

1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.

2. What were you doing / did you do when I phoned?

3. They didn't visit/weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.

4. It rained / was raining heavily last July.

5. While people were talking tl each other, he read / was readinghis book.

6. Chris was eating / ate pizza every weekend last month.

7. While we were running / run in the park, Mary fell over.

8. Did you find / were you finding  your keys yesterday?

9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?10. They were watching / watched football on TV all day.

Bài 2: tìm cácloi sai trong các câu sau :

1. I was play =>playing football when she called me. 

2. Was =>didyou study Math at  5 p.m. yesterday?

3. What was she do=>doing while her mother was making lunch?

4. Where didyou went=>go last Sunday?

5. They weren't sleep=>sleeping during the meeting last Monday.

6. He got up early and have =>had breakfast with his family yesterday morning.

7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did. 

8. Lastweek my friend and I go =>went to the beach on the bus.

9. While I am =>was listening to music, I heard the doorbell.

10. Peter turn=>turned on the TV, but nothing happened.

Bài3: hoàn thành các câu sauvới từ cho sẵn

1.Where /you /go? When/ you/ go?

-> where did you go? when did you go

2. Who /you/ go with?

-> who did you go with?

3. How/ you/ get/ there?

->how travel do you get there?

4. What/ you /do/ during the day?

->what do you do during the day?

5. you / have / a / good / time?

do you have a good time?

6. you/ have / any / problems?

->do you have any problems

7. How/ long/you be /there?

->how long are you there?

8. What /your parents/ do/ while /you /go /on holiday?

->what were your parents doing while you were going on holiday?

Bài4:chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diện.

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I(go) .want.... to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) ..was swimming... in the sea while my mother was sleeping in my sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink) ...was drinking.... some water. Suddenly I (see) ...saw.... a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair  (be)was .... beautiful black. He was very tall and thìn and his face was brown. My heart (beat) .was beating..... fast. I (ask) ..asked... him for his name and with a shy voice. He (tell) told..... me that his name was John. He (stay) ....stayed.. with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in the restaurant. The following days we(have) ..had..... a lot of fun together. At the end Of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.