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Ta có: \(2008A=\frac{2008\left(2008^{2008}+1\right)}{2008^{2009}+1}=\frac{2008^{2009}+2008}{2008^{2009}+1}=\frac{\left(2008^{2009}+1\right)+2007}{2008^{2009}+1}=1+\frac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}\)
Lại có: \(2008B=\frac{2008\left(2008^{2007}+1\right)}{2008^{2008}+1}=\frac{2008^{2008}+2008}{2008^{2008}+1}=\frac{\left(2008^{2008}+1\right)+2007}{2008^{2008}+1}=1+\frac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
Vì 2008 < 2009 \(\Rightarrow2008^{2008}< 2008^{2009}\)\(\Rightarrow2008^{2008}+1< 2008^{2009}+1\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}>\frac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}\)\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}>1+\frac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}\)\(\Rightarrow2008B>2008A\)\(\Rightarrow B>A\)
Vì A <1 , B < 1
Nên ta có: \(A=\frac{2008^{2008}+1}{2008^{2009}+1}< \frac{2008^{2008}+1+2007}{2008^{2009}+1+2007}=\frac{2008^{2008}+2008}{2008^{2009}+2008}=\frac{2008\left(2008^{2007}+1\right)}{2008\left(2008^{2008}+1\right)}=\frac{2008^{2007}+1}{2008^{2008}+1}=B\)
\(B=1+\left(\frac{2007}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2006}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2008}+1\right)=2009\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2009}\right)\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{2009}\)
a) Áp dụng \(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+m}{b+m}\) (a;b;m \(\in\) N*)
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{2008^{2008}+1}{2008^{2009}+1}< \frac{2008^{2008}+1+2007}{2009^{2009}+1+2007}\)
\(A< \frac{2008^{2008}+2008}{2008^{2009}+2008}\)
\(A< \frac{2008.\left(2008^{2007}+1\right)}{2008.\left(2008^{2008}+1\right)}=\frac{2008^{2007}+1}{2008^{2008}+1}=B\)
=> A < B
b) Áp dụng \(\frac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+m}{b+m}\) (a;b;m \(\in\) N*)
Ta có:
\(N=\frac{100^{101}+1}{100^{100}+1}>\frac{100^{101}+1+99}{100^{100}+1+99}\)
\(N>\frac{100^{101}+100}{100^{100}+100}\)
\(N>\frac{100.\left(100^{100}+1\right)}{100.\left(100^{99}+1\right)}=\frac{100^{100}+1}{100^{99}+1}=M\)
=> M > N
\(B=\dfrac{2008}{1}+\dfrac{2007}{2}+\dfrac{2006}{3}+...+\dfrac{2}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}\)
\(B=1+\left(\dfrac{2007}{2}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2006}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{2007}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2008}+1\right)\)
\(B=\dfrac{2009}{2009}+\dfrac{2009}{2}+\dfrac{2009}{3}+..+\dfrac{2009}{2007}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\)
\(B=2009\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{2009\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{1}{2009}\)
1)\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{\dfrac{2008}{1}+\dfrac{2007}{2}+\dfrac{2006}{3}+...+\dfrac{2}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{2008+\dfrac{2007}{2}+\dfrac{2006}{3}+...+\dfrac{2}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{1+\left(\dfrac{2007}{2}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2006}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{2007}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2008}+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{\dfrac{2009}{2009}+\dfrac{2009}{2}+\dfrac{2009}{3}+...+\dfrac{2009}{2007}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}}{2009\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{1}{2009}\)
2) \(A=\dfrac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\dfrac{5}{2^2.3^2}+\dfrac{7}{3^2.4^2}+...+\dfrac{19}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2^2-1^2}{1^2.2^2}+\dfrac{3^2-2^2}{2^2.3^2}+\dfrac{4^2-3^2}{3^2.4^2}+...+\dfrac{10^2-9^2}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}-\dfrac{1}{10^2}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{10^2}< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Trước hết ta tính tổng sau, với các số tự nhiên a, n đều lớn hơn 1.
\(S_n=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a^2}+...+\frac{1}{a^n}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a-1\right)S_n=aS_n-S_n\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a^2}+...+\frac{1}{a^{n-1}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a^2}+...+\frac{1}{a^{n-1}}+\frac{1}{a^n}\right)\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{a^n}< 1\Rightarrow S_n< \frac{1}{a-1}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT ( 1 ) cho \(a=2008\)và mọi n bằng 2 , 3 , ..... , 2007, ta được:
\(B=\frac{1}{2008}+\left(\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2008^2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2008^2}+...+\frac{1}{2008^{2007}}\right)^{2007}< \frac{1}{2007}\)
\(+\left(\frac{1}{2007}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2007}\right)^{2007}\left(2\right)\)
Lại áp dụng BĐT ( 1 ) cho \(a=2007\)và \(n=2007\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{2007}+\frac{1}{2007^2}+...+\frac{1}{2007^{2007}}< \frac{1}{2006}=A\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 2 ) và ( 3 ) => \(B< A.\)
\(A=\dfrac{2008^{2008}+1}{2008^{2009}+1}\)
\(2008\cdot A=\dfrac{2008^{2009}+2008}{2008^{2009}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2008^{2009}+1+2007}{2008^{2009}+1}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}\)
\(B=\dfrac{2008^{2007}+1}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
\(2008\cdot B=\dfrac{2008^{2008}+2008}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2008^{2008}+1+2007}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
Ta có: \(2008^{2009}+1>2008^{2008}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2008^{2009}+1}< \dfrac{1}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}< \dfrac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{2007}{2008^{2009}+1}< 1+\dfrac{2007}{2008^{2008}+1}\)
hay \(A < B\)
#\(Toru\)