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Thay \(ab+bc+ca=1\) ta có:
\(1+a^2=ab+bc+ca+a^2=b\left(c+a\right)+a\left(c+a\right)=\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(1+b^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right);\) \(1+c^2=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}=1\). Vậy biểu thức đó rút gọn lại bằng 1.
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
1. a + b + c = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)a + b = -c \(\Rightarrow\)( a + b )2 = ( -c )2 \(\Rightarrow\)a2 + b2 - c2 = -2ab
Tương tự : b2 + c2 - a2 = -2bc ; c2 + a2 - b2 = -2ac
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2ab}+\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ac}=\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=0\)
2. tương tự
3,4 . có ở dưới, câu hỏi của Quyết Tâm chiến thắng
\(a^2+ac-b^2-bc=\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(ac-bc\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)=\)\(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(b^2+ab-c^2-ac=\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(c^2+bc-a^2-ab=\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
a,b,c khác nhau đôi một nghĩa là từng cặp số khác nhau ,là:
+a khác b
+b khác c
+c khác a
\(A=\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0=>\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0=>ab+bc+ac=0\)
Suy ra: \(ab==-\left(bc+ac\right)=-bc-ac\)
\(bc=-\left(ab+ac\right)=-ab-ac\)
\(ac=-\left(ab+bc\right)=-ab-bc\)
Nên \(a^2+2ab=a^2+bc+bc=a^2+bc+\left(-ab-ac\right)=a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
Tương tự,ta cũng có: \(b^2+2ac=\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(c^2+2ab=\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{b-c+c-a+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=0\)
B1:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Xét hiệu:
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
*
Ta có:
\(a< b+c\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
\(b< a+c\Rightarrow b^2< ab+ac\)
\(c< a+b\Rightarrow a^2< ac+bc\)
Cộng từng vế bất đẳng thức ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Vậy: \(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
B2:
Ta có: \(a+b>c\) ; \(b+c>a\); \(a+c>b\)
Xét:\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c+b}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{b+c+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+c+a+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
=> ĐPCM
=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)
=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2−ab−ac+c2)−3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b)3+c3−3ab(a+b+c)
=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3−3abc−3ab(a+b
a3+b3+c3−3abc