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a, \(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right).2\)
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right).2\)
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right).2\)
...
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^{2n}}\right).2=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^{4n}}\right).2=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{4n-1}}\)
Vậy ...
b,Sửa đề: \(\left(10+1\right).\left(10^2+1\right).\left(10^4+1\right)...\left(10^{2n}+1\right)\)
Ta có:\(\left(10+1\right).\left(10^2+1\right).\left(10^4+1\right)...\left(10^{2n}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(10-1\right).\left(10+1\right).\left(10^2+1\right).\left(10^4+1\right)...\left(10^{2n}+1\right).\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(=\left(10^2-1\right).\left(10^2+1\right).\left(10^4+1\right)...\left(10^{2n}+1\right).\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(=\left(10^4-1\right).\left(10^4+1\right)...\left(10^{2n}+1\right).\dfrac{1}{9}\)
...
\(=\left(10^{2n}-1\right)\left(10^{2n}+1\right).\dfrac{1}{9}=\left(10^{4n}-1\right).\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{10^{4n}}{9}-\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Vậy ...
áp dụng hằng đẳng thức (a+b)(a-b)=a^2-b^2 Minh Hoang Hai
\(b,\)\(B=\left(2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=1.\left(2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=2^{64}-1-2^{64}=-1\)
a) Đặt \(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(\frac{1}{4}+1\right).\left(\frac{1}{16}+1\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{2^{2n}}\right)\)
Rút gọn: \(A=\frac{2+1}{2}.\frac{4+1}{4}.\frac{16+1}{16}...\frac{2^{2.n}+1}{2^{2.n}}=\frac{2^{2.0}+1}{2^{2.0}}.\frac{2^{2.1}+1}{2^{2.1}}.\frac{2^{2.2}+1}{2^{2.2}}...\frac{2^{2.n}+1}{2^{2.n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\left(2^{2.0}+1\right).\left(2^{2.1}+1\right).\left(2^{2.2}+1\right)...\left(2^{2.n}+1\right)}{2^{2.0}.2^{2.1}.2^{2.2}...2^{2.n}}.\)
b) Đặt \(B=\left(2+1\right).\left(2^2+1\right).\left(2^4+1\right).\left(2^8+1\right).\left(2^{16}+1\right).\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(2-1\right).\left(2+1\right).\left(2^2+1\right)...\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}=\left(2^2-1\right).\left(2^2+1\right)...\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(2^4-1\right).\left(2^4+1\right).\left(2^8+1\right)...\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}=\left(2^8-1\right).\left(2^8+1\right)...\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(2^{16}-1\right).\left(2^{16}+1\right).\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}=\left(2^{32}-1\right).\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2^{64}-1-2^{64}=-1\)Vậy B =-1.
a/ \(\left(2n^3-5n^2+1\right):\left(2n-1\right)=n^2-2n-1\)
b/ \(x\ne0;\pm2\)
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-4\right)}-\frac{6}{3\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{1}{x+2}\right):\left(\frac{x^2-4+10-x^2}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{x^2-4}-\frac{2\left(x+2\right)}{x^2-4}+\frac{x-2}{x^2-4}\right):\left(\frac{6}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x-2x-4+x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\right).\left(\frac{x+2}{6}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-6}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}.\frac{\left(x+2\right)}{6}=-\frac{1}{x-2}=\frac{1}{2-x}\)
c/
\(\left(3x-1\right)^2+2\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+4\right)+\left(3x+4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-1+3x+4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(6x+3\right)^2\)
\(\frac{1}{1.\left(2n-1\right)}+\frac{1}{3.\left(2n-3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-3\right).3}+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right).1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2n}\left[\frac{2n-1+1}{1\left(2n-1\right)}+\frac{2n-3+3}{3\left(2n-3\right)}+...+\frac{3+2n-3}{\left(2n-3\right).3}+\frac{1+2n-1}{\left(2n-1\right).1}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2n}\left(1+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2n-3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2n-1}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{n}\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-3}+\frac{1}{2n-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{n}\).
bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
Đặt A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
Ta có : A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
= \(\frac{6}{4}.\frac{12}{10}.\frac{20}{18}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2}{4}.\frac{3.4}{2.5}.\frac{4.5}{3.6}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2.3.4.4.5....n}{2.3.4.5.6.....\left(n+2\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Vậy A = \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)