Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

21 tháng 8 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:During the 1860’s, canned food products were

A. unavailable in rural areas

B. shipped in refrigerator cans

C. available in limited quantities

D. a staple part of the American diet

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

21 tháng 8 2017

Đáp án C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Trong những năm 1860, các sản phẩm thực phẩm đóng hộp

A. không có ở các vùng nông thôn

B. vận chuyển trong hộp lạnh

C. có sẵn với số lượng hạn chế

D. một phần chủ yếu của chế độ ăn kiêng Mỹ

Thông tin: Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

26 tháng 5 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Causes of food spoilage

B. Commercial production of ice

C. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet

D. Population movements in nineteenth century

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

26 tháng 5 2017

Đáp án C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận gì?

A. Nguyên nhân gây hư hỏng thực phẩm

B. Sản xuất băng thương mại

C. Các phát minh dẫn đến những thay đổi trong chế độ ăn uống của người Mỹ

D. Phong trào dân số thế kỷ XIX

Ý xuyên suốt của bài là các phát minh khiến cho chế độ ăn của người Mỹ thay đổi ( từ theo mùa thành có đồ ăn phong phú đủ loại quanh năm)

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

26 tháng 6 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to

A. refrigerator cars

B. perishables

C. growers

D. distances

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

26 tháng 6 2019

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ "them" trong đoạn 2 đề cập đến

A. xe đông lạnh B. đồ dễ hư hỏng C. người trồng D. khoảng cách

"them" đề cập đến perishables: Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods.

Xe lửa đông lạnh cho phép người trồng và người đóng gói thịt vận chuyển đồ dễ hỏng ở những khoảng cách lớn dễ dàng và bảo quản chúng lâu hơn.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

12 tháng 12 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries of ice

A. decreased in number

B. were on an irregular schedule

C. increased in cost

D. occurred only in the summer

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

12 tháng 12 2019

Đáp án A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Tác giả ngụ ý rằng trong những đợt giao hàng băng đá tại nhà năm 1920 và năm 1930

A. giảm về số lượng B. có một lịch trình thường xuyên

C. tăng chi phí D. chỉ xảy ra vào mùa hè

Thông tin: The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

15 tháng 5 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:The word “prevent” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. estimate

B. avoid

C. correct

D. confine

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

15 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ "prevent" trong đoạn 1 gần nhất có nghĩa là

A. ước tính B. tránh C. đúng D. giới hạn

"prevent" = avoid: tránh, ngăn ngừa

but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage.

nhưng sự sẵn có của thịt tươi, giống như sữa tươi, rất hạn chế; không có cách nào để ngăn ngừa sự hư hỏng.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

28 tháng 12 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.

Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question:It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use

A. before 1860

B. before 1890

C. after 1900

D. after 1920

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

28 tháng 12 2018

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Có thể suy ra rằng xe lửa đông lạnh đã được sử dụng

A. trước năm 1860 B. trước năm 1890

C. sau năm 1900 D. sau năm 1920

Thông tin: Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

4 tháng 9 2018

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used...

Đọc tiếp

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.

The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used in ancient Rome – a dish of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal underneath to keep it soft and burnable. The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance called “camphene” was patented, and it proved to be an excellent illuminant. But while camphene gave a bright light it too remained expensive, had an unpleasant odor, and also was dangerously explosive.

Between 1830 and 1850, it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the United States was the wider use of gas. In the 1840s, American gas manufacturers adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until the mid–nineteenth century gas lighting was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings for the wealthy. In 1854, a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a pitch like mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating gas and an oil that he called “kerosene” (from “keros”, the Greek word for wax, and “ene” because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene, had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had aroused a new hope for making illuminating oil from a product coming out of North American mines.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why better lighting had become necessary by the mid–nineteenth century?

A. increases in the number of new factories

B. growth of cities

C. development of railroads

D. demand for better medical facilities

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

4 tháng 9 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập là một lý do giải thích cho việc chiếu sáng tốt hơn trở nên cần thiết vào giữa thế kỷ XIX?

A. sự tăng số lượng nhà máy mới B. sự tăng trưởng của các thành phố

C. sự phát triển đường sắt D. nhu cầu về cơ sở y tế tốt hơn

Thông tin: The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination.

Tạm dịch: Sự phát triển của các thành phố, việc xây dựng hàng trăm nhà máy mới và sự lan tỏa của đường sắt ở Hoa Kỳ trước năm 1850 đã làm tăng nhu cầu chiếu sáng tốt hơn.

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Sự phát triển của các thành phố, việc xây dựng hàng trăm nhà máy mới và sự lan tỏa của đường sắt ở Hoa Kỳ trước năm 1850 đã làm tăng nhu cầu chiếu sáng tốt hơn. Nhưng ánh sáng trong nhà của người Mỹ đã được cải thiện rất ít so với thời cổ đại. Trải qua thời kỳ thuộc địa, những ngôi nhà được thắp sáng bằng những ngọn nến hay đèn dầu được sử dụng ở La Mã cổ đại – một đĩa dầu cá hoặc dầu động vật hoặc thực vật khác, trong đó một miếng giẻ xoắn được dùng làm bấc. Một số người sử dụng mỡ heo, nhưng họ phải đốt than bên dưới để giữ cho nó mềm và dễ cháy. Cá nhà táng cung cấp dầu đốt cao cấp, nhưng nó đắt đỏ. Vào năm 1830, một chất mới có tên là “camphene” đã được cấp bằng sáng chế, và nó đã chứng tỏ là một chất chiếu sáng tuyệt vời. Nhưng trong khi camphene" phát ra ánh sáng rực rỡ thì nó vẫn đắt, có mùi khó chịu và cũng có thể gây nổ nguy hiểm.

Giữa năm 1830 và 1850, dường như hy vọng duy nhất cho việc chiếu sáng rẻ hơn ở Hoa Kỳ là việc sử dụng khí đốt rộng rãi hơn. Vào những năm 1840, các nhà sản xuất khí đốt của Mỹ đã áp dụng các kỹ thuật của Anh để sản xuất khí đốt từ than đá. Tuy nhiên, chi phí cho khí đốt cho người tiêu dùng vẫn ở mức cao đến mức cho đến giữa thế kỷ 19, khí đốt chỉ khả thi ở các khu vực đô thị, và chỉ dành cho các công trình công cộng cho người giàu. Năm 1854, một bác sĩ người Canada, Abraham Gesner, được cấp bằng sáng chế cho quá trình chưng cất một loại chất giống như khoáng chất tìm được ở New Brunswick và Nova Scotia, sản xuất khí đốt và dầu mà ông gọi là “dầu hỏa” (từ “keros”), từ sáp trong tiếng Hi Lạp và "ene" vì nó giống như camphene). Dầu hỏa, mặc dù rẻ hơn so với camphene, có mùi khó chịu, và Gesner không bao giờ kiếm được nhiều tiền từ nó. Nhưng Gesner đã làm dấy lên một hy vọng mới cho việc sản xuất dầu chiếu sáng từ một sản phẩm đến từ các mỏ ở Bắc Mỹ.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

7 tháng 3 2018

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used...

Đọc tiếp

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.

The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used in ancient Rome – a dish of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal underneath to keep it soft and burnable. The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance called “camphene” was patented, and it proved to be an excellent illuminant. But while camphene gave a bright light it too remained expensive, had an unpleasant odor, and also was dangerously explosive.

Between 1830 and 1850, it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the United States was the wider use of gas. In the 1840s, American gas manufacturers adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until the mid–nineteenth century gas lighting was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings for the wealthy. In 1854, a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a pitch like mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating gas and an oil that he called “kerosene” (from “keros”, the Greek word for wax, and “ene” because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene, had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had aroused a new hope for making illuminating oil from a product coming out of North American mines.

The word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

A. oil

B. charcoal

C. lard

D. wick

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

7 tháng 3 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “this” ở đoạn 1 đề cập đến _______.

A. dầu B. than đá C. mỡ lợn D. gạch

Thông tin: The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive.

Tạm dịch: Cá nhà táng cung cấp dầu đốt cao cấp, nhưng nó đắt đỏ.

Chọn A

Dịch bài đọc:

Sự phát triển của các thành phố, việc xây dựng hàng trăm nhà máy mới và sự lan tỏa của đường sắt ở Hoa Kỳ trước năm 1850 đã làm tăng nhu cầu chiếu sáng tốt hơn. Nhưng ánh sáng trong nhà của người Mỹ đã được cải thiện rất ít so với thời cổ đại. Trải qua thời kỳ thuộc địa, những ngôi nhà được thắp sáng bằng những ngọn nến hay đèn dầu được sử dụng ở La Mã cổ đại – một đĩa dầu cá hoặc dầu động vật hoặc thực vật khác, trong đó một miếng giẻ xoắn được dùng làm bấc. Một số người sử dụng mỡ heo, nhưng họ phải đốt than bên dưới để giữ cho nó mềm và dễ cháy. Cá nhà táng cung cấp dầu đốt cao cấp, nhưng nó đắt đỏ. Vào năm 1830, một chất mới có tên là “camphene” đã được cấp bằng sáng chế, và nó đã chứng tỏ là một chất chiếu sáng tuyệt vời. Nhưng trong khi camphene" phát ra ánh sáng rực rỡ thì nó vẫn đắt, có mùi khó chịu và cũng có thể gây nổ nguy hiểm.

Giữa năm 1830 và 1850, dường như hy vọng duy nhất cho việc chiếu sáng rẻ hơn ở Hoa Kỳ là việc sử dụng khí đốt rộng rãi hơn. Vào những năm 1840, các nhà sản xuất khí đốt của Mỹ đã áp dụng các kỹ thuật của Anh để sản xuất khí đốt từ than đá. Tuy nhiên, chi phí cho khí đốt cho người tiêu dùng vẫn ở mức cao đến mức cho đến giữa thế kỷ 19, khí đốt chỉ khả thi ở các khu vực đô thị, và chỉ dành cho các công trình công cộng cho người giàu. Năm 1854, một bác sĩ người Canada, Abraham Gesner, được cấp bằng sáng chế cho quá trình chưng cất một loại chất giống như khoáng chất tìm được ở New Brunswick và Nova Scotia, sản xuất khí đốt và dầu mà ông gọi là “dầu hỏa” (từ “keros”), từ sáp trong tiếng Hi Lạp và "ene" vì nó giống như camphene). Dầu hỏa, mặc dù rẻ hơn so với camphene, có mùi khó chịu, và Gesner không bao giờ kiếm được nhiều tiền từ nó. Nhưng Gesner đã làm dấy lên một hy vọng mới cho việc sản xuất dầu chiếu sáng từ một sản phẩm đến từ các mỏ ở Bắc Mỹ.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

16 tháng 9 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common-sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the nice balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

According to the passage, when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?

A. In 1803

B. Sometime before 1850

C. During the Civil War

D. 1950s

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

16 tháng 9 2019

Đáp án B

Theo bài đọc, từ “icebox” trở thành một phần ngôn ngữ của nước Mỹ khi nào?

A. năm 1803

B. khoảng trước năm 1850

C. Suốt thời nội chiến

D. những năm 1950

Dẫn chứng: By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, butice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.

After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use

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