Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answ...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during campaigns presidential knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.

North Americans are familiar with the many “person on the street” interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the news people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.

In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.

There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject’s underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent

It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that

A. respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions

B. respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires

C. questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute

D. questionnaires are often difficult to read

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

21 tháng 2 2017

Đáp án : B

Từ dòng 2 đoạn cuối: An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire ->phỏng vấn thì có tỉ lệ người trả lời cao hơn; cũng có nghĩa là tỉ lệ người trả lời bảng hỏi thấp hơn

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

20 tháng 6 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42. What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42.

What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitmentsignals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallelsequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish - for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a sense directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators(predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

(Source: TOEFL Reading)

Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?

A. Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?

B. What are the differences between social and solitary insects?

C. How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?

D. Why are ants predators?

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

20 tháng 6 2017

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu trả lời cho câu hỏi nào sau đây?

A. Tại sao kiến có thể phát triển mạnh trong một thời gian dài như vậy?

B. Sự khác biệt giữa côn trùng đơn độc và xã hội là gì?

C. Làm thế nào để kiến cá nhân thích nghi với các nhiệm vụ chuyên ngành?

D. Tại sao kiến là loài săn mồi?

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

25 tháng 8 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.

North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the new people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.

In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.

There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent

It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that______.

A. respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires

B. questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute

C. respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions

D. questionnaires are often difficult to read

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

25 tháng 8 2019

Đáp án : A

Từ dòng 2 đoạn cuối : An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire ~ phỏng vấn sẽ được nhiều người trả lời hơn, đồng nghĩa với việc người ta dễ dàng ném bảng câu hỏi giấy đi hơn và thường không trả lời đầy đủ hơn

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

11 tháng 11 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.Social parasitism involves one species relying on another to raise its young. Among vertebrates, the best known social parasites are such birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female lays egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves it for the host to rear.The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. Consider,...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.

Social parasitism involves one species relying on another to raise its young. Among vertebrates, the best known social parasites are such birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female lays egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves it for the host to rear.

The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. Consider, for example, the unusual behavior of ants belonging to the genus Polyergus. All species of this ant have lost the ability to care for themselves. The workers do not forage for food, feed their brood or queen, or even clean their own nest. To compensate for these deficits, Polyergus has become specialized at obtaining workers from the related genus Formica to do these chores.

In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest. The captured brood is then reared by the resident Formica workers until the developing pupae emerge to add to the Formica population, which maintains the mixed-species nest. The Formica workers forage for food and give it to colony members of both species. They also remove wastes and excavate new chambers as the population increases.

The true extent of the Polyergus ants' dependence on the Formica becomes apparent when the worker population grows too large for existing nest. Formica scouts locate a new nesting site, return to the mixed-species colony, and recruit additional Formica nest mates. During a period that may last seven days, the Formica workers carry to the new nest all the Polyergus eggs, larvae, and pupae, every Polyergus adult, and even the Polyergus queen.

Of the approximately 8,000 species of ants in the world, all 5 species of Polyergus and some 200 species in other genera have evolved some degree of parasitic relationship with other ants.

Which of the following is a task that an ant of the genus Polyergus might do?

A. Look for food

B. Raid another nest

C. Care for the young

D. Clean its own nest

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

11 tháng 11 2019

Đáp án B

Thông tin: In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest.

Dịch nghĩa: Trong một cuộc đột kích, hàng ngàn kiến thợ Polyergus sẽ di chuyển lên đến 500 feet để tìm kiếm một tổ Formica, thâm nhập nó, bắt hoàng hậu và công nhân của cô, bắt nhộng, và vận chuyển nó trở lại tổ của chúng.

Như vậy phương án B. Raid another nest = đột kích một tổ kiến khác là phương án chính xác nhất.

A. Look for food = tìm thức ăn

C. Care for the young = chăm sóc con trẻ

D. Clean its own nest = làm sạch tổ của chúng

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

4 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42. What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42.

What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitmentsignals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallelsequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish - for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a sense directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators(predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

(Source: TOEFL Reading)

According to the passage, one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from ______ .

A. a defensive to an offensive stance

B. a solitary task to a group task

C. one environment to another

D. one type of food consumption to another

#Hỏi cộng đồng OLM #Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

4 tháng 10 2017

Chọn B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn văn, một điều côn trùng eusocial có thể làm là nhanh chóng chuyển từ_______ .

A. thế phòng thủ để sang thế tấn công

B. một nhiệm vụ đơn độc thành một nhiệm vụ nhóm

C. môi trường này thành môi trường khác

D. một loại tiêu thụ thực phẩm này thành loài khác

Thông tin: Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need.

Tạm dịch: Trong hầu hết các trường hợp, các nhóm kiến thợ có khả năng tìm thức ăn và bảo vệ tổ tốt hơn, bởi vì chúng có thể chuyển từ phản ứng cá nhân sang phản ứng của nhóm và quay lại nhanh chóng theo nhu cầu

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