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Dãy biến hóa 1: Al → AlCl3 → Al(OH)3 → Al2O3
Dãy biến hóa 2: AlCl3 → Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 → Al PTHH
dãy biến hóa 1: 1): 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
(2): AlCl3 + 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(3): 2Al(OH)3 t0 → Al2O3 + 3H2O PTHH
dãy biến hóa 2:
(1): AlCl3 +3NaOH → Al(OH)3+ 3NaCl
(2): 2Al(OH)3 t0 → Al2O3 + 3H2O
(3): 2Al2O3 dpnc → 4Al + 3O2
\(2Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+Al_2O_3\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O\)
Td với nước tạo ra axit
\(CO_2+H_2O⇌H_2CO_3\\ SO_2+H_2O⇌H_2SO_3\)
Td với nước tạo ra bazo
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Td với \(H_2SO_4\) tạo ra muối và nước
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\\ 2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\\ Na_2O+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
Td với \(H_2SO_4\) giải phóng khí hiđro
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ 2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
Td với \(HCl\) tạo ra muối, nước, 3 chất sp
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3^{ }\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(2Al_2O_3\underrightarrow{^{^{đpnc}}}4Al+3O_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Al+H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3+ H2 \(\uparrow\)
Al2(SO4)3 +HCl -> AlCl3+ H2SO4
AlCl3 +Ca(OH)2 -> Al(OH)3 +CaCl2
Al(OH)3 - to> Al2O3 +H20
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Al_2(SO_4)_3+3BaCl_2\to 3BaSO_4\downarrow+2AlCl_3\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ 2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o} Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\((1)4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ (2)Al_2O_3+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ (3)AlCl_3+3NaOH\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow +3NaCl\\ (4)2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ (5)2Al_2O_3\xrightarrow{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\)
\(\left(1\right)2Al_2O_3\xrightarrow[Na_3AlF_6]{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\uparrow\)
\(\left(2\right)2Al+3H_2SO_4--->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(\left(3\right)Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2--->3BaSO_4\downarrow+2AlCl_3\)
\(\left(4\right)AlCl_3+3NaOH--->Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)