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2)
a)x2-y2=(x+y).(x-y)=(87+13).(87-13)=100.74=7400
b)x3-3x2+3x-1=(x-1)3=(101-1)3=1003=1000000
c)x3+9x2+27x+27=(x+3)3=(97+3)3=1003=1000000
4)
a)x2-6x+10=x2-6x+9+1=(x-3)2+1>=1>0 voi moi x
b)4x-x2-5= -(x2-4x+5)= -(x2-4x+4+1)= -(x-2)2 - 1<0 voi moi x
1/Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=81\)
\(\Rightarrow M=ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left(81-141\right)}{2}\)
c) \(C=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-ab\right]=3\left(9^2-ab\right)\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=81\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=81\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=81-2ab\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=9+2ab\)
=> \(81-2ab=9+2ab\Rightarrow4ab=72\Leftrightarrow ab=18\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=3\left(81-18\right)=189\)
\(D=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-4\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(D=\left(x+y\right)^2-4.4=3^2-16=9-16=-7\)
A = a2 + b2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 - 2ab = ( a + b )2 - 2ab = 52 - 2.6 = 25 - 12 = 13
B = a3 + b3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 - 3a2b - 3ab2 = ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) = 53 - 3.6.5 = 125 - 90 = 35
C = a4 + b4 = a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 - 2a2b2 = ( a2 + b2 )2 - 2a2b2 = [ ( a + b )2 - 2ab ]2 - 2( ab )2
= ( 52 - 2.6 )2 - 2.62
= ( 25 - 12 )2 - 2.36
= 132 - 72
= 169 - 72 = 97
6) c) x3 - x2 + x = 1
<=> x3 - x2 + x - 1 = 0
<=> (x3 - x2) + (x - 1) = 0
<=> x2 (x - 1) + (x - 1) = 0
<=> (x - 1) (x2 + 1) = 0
=> x - 1 = 0 hoặc x2 + 1 = 0
* x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
* x2 + 1 = 0 => x2 = -1 => x = -1
Vậy x = 1 hoặc x = -1
Bài 5:
a) Đặt \(A=\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=\left(3^4-1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=\left(3^8-1\right)\left(3^8+1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=\left(3^{16}-1\right)\left(3^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=3^{32}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{3^{32}-1}{8}\)
b) (7x+6)2 + (5-6x)2 - (10-12x)(7x+6)
=(7x+6)2 + (5-6x)2 - 2(5-6x)(7x+6)
\(=\left(7x+6-5+6x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(13x+1\right)^2\)
Ta có x3 + y3
= (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2)
= (x + y)(x2 + 2xy + y2) - 3xy(x + y)
= (x + y)3 - 6xy
= 23 - 6xy
= 8 - 6xy
Lại có x + y = 2
=> (x + y)2 = 4
=> x2 + y2 + 2xy = 4
=> 2xy = -6
=> xy = -3
Khi đó x3 - y3 = 8 + 6.3 = 26
b) a + b = 7
=> a = 7 - b
Khi đó ab = 12
<=> (7 - b).b = 12
=> 7b - b2 = 12
=> 7b - b2 - 12 = 0
=> -(b2 - 7b + 12) = 0
=> b2 - 4b - 3b + 12 = 0
=> b(b - 4) - 3(b - 4) = 0
=> (b - 3)(b - 4) = 0
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}b=3\\b=4\end{cases}}\)
Khi b = 3 => a = 4
Khi b = 4 => a = 3
+) b = 3 ; a = 4 => B = (3 - 4)2009 = -1
+) b = 4 ; a = 3 => B = (4 - 3)2009 = 1
c) Ta có a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)
= (a - b)(a2 - 2ab + b2) + 3ab(a - b)
= (a - b)3 + 3ab(a - b)
= 27 + 9ab
Lại có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=9\\a-b=3\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=6\\b=3\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó C = 27 + 9.6.3 = 27 + 162 = 189
b ) \(x^2+9y^2-4xy=2xy-\left|x-3\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+9y^2-4xy-2xy+\left|x-3\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6xy+9y^2+\left|x-3\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left|x-3\right|=0\)
Do \(\left(x-3y\right)^2\ge0;\left|x-3\right|\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left|x-3\right|\ge0\forall x;y\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3y\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà \(M=\left(x-4\right)^{2013}+\left(y-1\right)^{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(3-4\right)^{2013}+\left(1-1\right)^{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=-1^{2013}+0^{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=-1+0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=-1\)
Vậy \(M=-1\)
\(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-\left(c+d\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a=-c^3-d^3-3c^2d-3d^2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+c^3+d^3+3c^2d+3d^2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3a^2b-3b^2a-3c^2d-3d^2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(-a^2b-b^2a-c^2d-d^2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left[-ab\left(a+b\right)-cd\left(c+d\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left[-ab\left(a+b\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(dc-ab\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) M = a3 + b3 + 12ab
.........= (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) + 12ab
.........= 4a2 - 4ab + 4b2 + 12ab
.........= 4a2 + 8ab + 4b2
.........= a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 = 42 = 16
a) N = x3 - y3 - 9xy
........= (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2) - 9xy
........= 3x2 + 3xy + 3y2 - 9xy
........= 3x2 - 6xy + 3y2
........= x2 - 2xy + y2 = (x - y)2 = 32 = 9