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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{(x-2).1}\leq \frac{x-2+1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{y+2009}=\sqrt{(y+2009).1}\leq \frac{y+2009+1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{z-2010}=\sqrt{(z-2010).1}\leq \frac{z-2010+1}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế suy ra :
\(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y+2009}+\sqrt{z-2010}\leq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x-2=y+2009=z-2010=1\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=3\\ y=-2008\\ z=2011\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(\left(\frac{x^3}{y^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{z^2+x}+\frac{z^3}{x^2+y}\right)\left[x\left(y^2+x\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Ta chứng minh \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\frac{4}{5}\left[x\left(y^2+z\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge4\left[x\left(y^2+z\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\left(2\right)\)
Thật vậy \(\hept{\begin{matrix}3\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge\left(\Sigma x^2\right)\cdot\Sigma x^2=4\Sigma zx\left(3\right)\\2\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge4\Sigma xy^2\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge\Sigma xy^2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(*)
Từ các Bất Đẳng Thức \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^4-2x^3z+z^2x^2}{2}\ge0\\\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^4}{4}\ge xyz^2\end{cases}}\)=> (*) đúng
Như vậy (3),(4) đúng => (2) đúng
Từ đó suy ra \(T\ge\frac{4}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Bài này có cách lập bảng biến thiên,nhưng mình sẽ làm cách đơn giản
Từ giả thiết \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Rightarrow0< x,y,z< 1\)
Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi cho 3 cặp số dương \(2x^2;1-x^2;1-x^2\)
\(\frac{2x^2+\left(1-x^2\right)+\left(1-x^2\right)}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{2x^2\left(1-x^2\right)^2}\le\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1-x^2\right)\le\frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1-x^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}x^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}x^2\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}y^2\left(2\right)\\\frac{z}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}z^2\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng các vế (1), (2) và (3) ta được \(\frac{x}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y}{z^2+x^2}+\frac{z}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Ta có B=\(\frac{2009^{2010}-2}{2009^{2011}-2}\)<1
=>\(\frac{2009^{2010}-2}{2009^{2011}-2}\)<\(\frac{2009^{2010}-2+3}{2009^{2011}-2+3}\)=\(\frac{2009^{2010}+1}{2009^{2011}+1}\)(1)
Mà \(\frac{2009^{2010}+1}{2009^{2011}+1}\)<1
=> \(\frac{2009^{2010}+1}{2009^{2011}+1}\)<\(\frac{2009^{2010}+1+2008}{2009^{2011}+1+2008}\)=\(\frac{2009^{2010}+2009}{2009^{2011}+2009}\)=\(\frac{2009\cdot\left(2009^{2009}+1\right)}{2009\cdot\left(2009^{2010}+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{2009^{2009}+1}{2009^{2010}+1}\)=A(2)
Từ (1)và(2)=>B<\(\frac{2009^{2010}+1}{2009^{2011}+1}\)<A=>B<A hay A>B
Theo giả thiết ta có : \(x+yz=yz-z-1=\left(z-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Tương tự : \(y+zx=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Và \(z+xy=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Nên \(P=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{z^2+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+x+y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{z^2+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\)
Ta có \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\le\frac{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}{4}\)
nên \(P\ge\frac{2\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)+4}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{2}{z+1}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(z+1\right)^2}=f\left(z\right);z>1\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta được \(f\left(z\right)\ge\frac{13}{4}\) hay min \(P=\frac{13}{4}\) khi \(\begin{cases}z=3\\x=y=1\end{cases}\)
Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^3}{1+y}+\frac{1+y}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{1+y}\cdot\frac{1+y}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3x}{2}\\\frac{y^3}{1+z}+\frac{1+z}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{y^3}{1+z}\cdot\frac{1+z}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3y}{2}\\\frac{z^3}{1+x}+\frac{1+x}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{z^3}{1+x}\cdot\frac{1+x}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3z}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được \(P+\frac{3+x+y+z}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{9}{4}\)
Mà ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
Do đó \(P\ge\frac{5}{4}\cdot3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy minP=\(\frac{3}{2}\)khi x=y=z=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{9}{x+y+z}\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\right]+\frac{80}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}+\frac{80}{1}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski ta có:
√x2+1x2 +√y2+1y2 +√z2+1z2 ≥√(x+y+z)2+(1x +1y +1z )2
≥√(x+y+z)2+(9x+y+z )2=√(x+y+z)2+81(x+y+z)2
=√[(x+y+z)2+1(x+y+z)2 ]+80(x+y+z)2
≥√2√(x+y+z)2·1(x+y+z)2 +801 =√82
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=z=13
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\) và \(x^{2009}+y^{2009}+z^{2009}=3^{2010}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra :
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
Thay \(x=y=z\) vào \(x^{2009}+y^{2009}+z^{2009}=3^{2009}\) ta được:
\(3x^{2009}=3x^{2010}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2009}=3^{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3\)
\(\Rightarrow y=z=x=3\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(3;3;3\right)\)
Thiếu đề chăng.?