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x^4 + x^2 + 1
= x^4 + 2x^2 + 1 - x^2
= ( x^2 + 1)^2 - x^2
= ( x^2 - x + 1 )( x^2 + x + 1)
\(x^4-2x^2+8=x^4+2x^2-4x^2+8=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)\(\left(x^4-2x^2-8\right):\left(x-2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2\)
x4+x2+1
=x4-x+x2+x+1
=x(x3-1)+(x2+x+1)
=x(x-1)(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)
=(x2-x)(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)
=(x2+x+1)(x2-x+1)
\(\left(x+1\right)^4+\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^4+x^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)^2+2x\left(x+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+x^2\right]+2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(2x^2+2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
\(x^3-2x-4\)
\(=x^3-4x+2x-4\)
\(=\left(x^3-4x\right)+\left(2x-4\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^2-4\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
x4 -2x2 +1 =x2.x2 - x2-x2 +1= - x2(1- x2) + (1 - x2)=(1-x2).(1-x2)=(1-x2)2