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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.18,25}{100}=27,375\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{27,375}{36,5}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u : 0,3 0,75
p/u: 0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
sau p/u : 0 0,15 0,3 0,3
---> Sau p/ư HCl dư
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{ddHCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddZnCl_2}=19,5+150-\left(0,3.2\right)=168,9\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{40,8}{168,9}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)
\(m_{HCl}=60.36,5\%=21,9g\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,6 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ b,C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{150}.100\%=19,5\%\\ c,m_{\text{dd}}=26+150-\left(0,4.2\right)=175,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{175,2}.100\%=31\%\)
Câu 1
\(a)PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\
b)200ml=0,2l\\
n_{HCl}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\
n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,2=0,1mol\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\
c)C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
a)
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
n Al = 2,7/27 = 0,1 mol
n HCl =200.7,3%/36,5 = 0,4(mol)
Ta thấy:
n Al / 2 = 0,05 < n HCl / 6 = 0,067 => HCl dư
n H2 = 3/2 n Al = 0,15(mol)
=> V H2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lít
b) n HCl pư = 3n Al = 0,3(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)
m dd sau pư = m Al + m dd HCl - m H2 = 2,7 + 200 - 0,15.2 = 202,4 gam
Vậy :
C% AlCl3 = 0,1.133,5/202,4 .100% = 6,6%
C% HCl dư = 0,1.36,5/202,4 .100% = 1,8%
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{6}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{AlCl_3}\\n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=2,7+200-0,15\cdot2=202,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{202,4}\cdot100\%\approx1,8\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot133,5}{202,4}\cdot100\%\approx6,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: `Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
0,05->0,1----->0,05---->0,05
`=> V_{ddHCl} = (0,1)/2 = 0,05 (l)`
b) `V_{H_2} = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)`
c) `C_{M(FeCl_2)} = (0,05)/(0,05) = 1M`
\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mHCl=\dfrac{200.7,3\%}{100\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_2+3H_2\)
2 6 2 3 (mol)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15 (mol)
LTL : 0,1 / 2 < 0,4/6
=> Al đủ , HCl dư
1. \(VH_2=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
2. \(mH_2=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)
mdd = mAl + mddHCl - mH2 = 2,7 + 200 - 0,3 = 202,4 (g)
\(mH_2SO_{4\left(dưsaupứ\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(mAlCl_2=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{202,4}=4,84\%\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_2}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{202,4}=4,84\%\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1--->0,2------->0,1----->0,1
VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b, \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
c, \(C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,125 0,125 (mol )
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\\
\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{8,125}{8,125+18,25}.100\%=30,8\%\)
Bài 18:
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.136}{107,875}.100\%\approx15,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{107,875}.100\%\approx8,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
`n_[Zn]=13/65=0,2(mol)`
`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,4` `0,2` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)`
`b)C%_[HCl]=[0,4.36,5]/150 .100~~9,73%`
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.36,5\%}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{2}< \dfrac{1,5}{6}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=3n_{Al}=1,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ VH2 = 0,6.24,79 = 14,874 (l)
nHCl (dư) = 1,5 - 1,2 = 0,3 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 10,8 + 150 - 0,6.2 = 159,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{159,6}.100\%\approx33,5\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{159,6}.100\%\approx6,86\%\end{matrix}\right.\)