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a)\(a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\text{[}\left(b^3-c^3\right)+\left(a^3-b^3\right)\text{]}+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(a^3-b^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b^3-c^3\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(bc+c^2-a^2-ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đặt \(x^2+y^2=a;y^2+z^2=b\)
\(\Rightarrow z^2-x^2=\left(y^2+z^2\right)-\left(x^2+y^2\right)=b-a\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^3+\left(b-a\right)^3-b^3\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)^3\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left[a^2+ab+b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2\right]\)
\(=3ab\left(a-b\right)=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(x^2-z^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(B=x^3+y^3+z^3+3.\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(B=3.\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
Đây là hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
a) \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z+z-x\right)\left[\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-x\right)\left(x^2+y^2+3z^2-3yz+xy-3xz\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-x^2-y^2-3z^2+3yz-xy+3xz\right)\)
Cô nghĩ phân tích đa thức này sẽ đẹp hơn:
\(\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-y+y-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\right]+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\right]+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(3y^2-3xy+3zx-3xyz\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
b) \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\)
\(=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)
\(=xy\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)
\(=xy\left(x+y+z-z\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+z\left(y+x\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left[xy+z\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+zx+zy+z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(y+z\right)+z\left(y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
a) \left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3(x−y)2+(y−z)3+(z−x)3
=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z+z-x\right)\left[\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=(x−y)2+(y−z+z−x)[(y−z)2−(y−z)(z−x)+(z−x)2]
=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-x\right)\left(x^2+y^2+3z^2-3yz+xy-3xz\right)=(x−y)2+(y−x)(x2+y2+3z2−3yz+xy−3xz)
=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-x^2-y^2-3z^2+3yz-xy+3xz\right)=(x−y)(x−y−x2−y2−3z2+3yz−xy+3xz
\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left
=\left(x-y+y-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\right]+\left(z-x\right)^3
=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\right]+\l
=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\
=\left(x-z\right)\left(
=3\left(x-y\right)\lefb) \left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyzb)(x+y+z)(xy+yz+zx)−xyz
=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz=(xy+yz+zx)(x+y+z)−xyz
=xy\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz=xy(x+y+z)+(yz+zx)(x+y+z)−xyz
=xy\left(x+y+z-z\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=xy(x+y+z−z)+(yz+zx)(x+y+z)
=xy\left(x+y\right)+z\left(y+x\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=xy(x+y)+z(y+x)(x+y+z)
=\left(x+y\right)\left[xy+z\left(x+y+z\right)\right]=(x+y)[xy+z(x+y+z)]
=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+zx+zy+z^2\right)=(x+y)(xy+zx+zy+z2)
=\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(y+z\right)+z\left(y+z\right)\right]=(x+y)[x(y+z)+z(y+z)]
=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)
a)x2-2xy+y2+3x-3y-10
=(x2-2xy+y2)+(3x-3y)-10
=(x-y)2+3(x-y)-10
=(x-y).(x-y+3)-10