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Xét với n là số tự nhiên không nhỏ hơn 1 , ta có
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng điều trên :
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2010\sqrt{2009}}< \)
\(< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}\right)< \)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}\right)=\frac{88}{45}\)
Xét dạng tổng quát :
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{k^2+1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(k^2+1\right)\left(k+1\right)^2+k^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{k^4+2k^3+3k^2+2k+1}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(k^2+k+1\right)^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}}=\frac{k^2+k+1}{k\left(k+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán :
\(A=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2010^2}+\frac{1}{2011^2}}\)
\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+1+\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(A=2009-\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2}\)
p/s: không biết tính có đúng ko nữa, bạn nhớ check lại. Mình nhớ bài này còn có cách khác ngắn hơn nhưng quên rồi :D
\(\frac{87}{89}< \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}< \frac{88}{45}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}>\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)k}=\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}>A>1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}>A>1-\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{88}{45}>\frac{2011-\sqrt{2011}}{2011}>A>\frac{2010}{2011}>\frac{87}{89}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{87}{89}< \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}< \frac{88}{45}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\frac{3-2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{4-3}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{100-99}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}}.\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-1=10-1=9.\)