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Đặt:
\(linh=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+z+t}+\dfrac{z}{z+t+x}+\dfrac{t}{t+x+y}\)
Giả sử: \(linh\in N\)
Điều này chứng tỏ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}\in N\\\dfrac{y}{y+z+t}\in N\\\dfrac{z}{z+t+x}\in N\\\dfrac{t}{t+x+y}\in N\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x⋮x+y+z\\y⋮y+z+t\\z⋮z+t+x\\t⋮t+x+y\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(x;y;z;t\in N\circledast\) nên điều trên tương đương với:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge x+y+z\\y\ge y+z+t\\z\ge z+t+x\\t\ge t+x+y\end{matrix}\right.\)(Không thể đồng thời xảy ra)
Nên: Điều giả sử sai,\(linh\notin N\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+x+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+x+z}\)
. Xét TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
. Xét TH2: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A=1\\A=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{x+y}{\left(x+y\right)+2\left(z+t\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)+2\left(z+t\right)=3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(z+t\right)=2\left(x+y\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}=1\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{y+z}{x+t}=1;\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}=1;\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1+1+1+1=4\)
+Xét x+y+z+t=0
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t=-\left(y+z\right)\\x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(t+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó M=-4
+Xét x+y+z+t\(\ne\)0
ADTC dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3.\left(x+y+z+t\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
+Với\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)3x=y+z+t
\(\Rightarrow\)4x=x+y+z+t
Chứng minh tương tự ta có
4y=x+y+z+t
4z=x+y+z+t
4t=x+y+z+t
Do đó x=y=z=t
Khi đó M=4
\(M=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}+\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}\)
\(M+4=\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}+1\right)\)\(M+4=\dfrac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{z+x}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{t+y}{x+y+z+t}\)\(M+4=\dfrac{x+t+y+z+z+x+t+y}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(M+4=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(M+4=2\)
\(M=2-4=-2\notin N\)
Ta có đpcm
\(\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x-ny}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y-nz}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}\)
\(=\dfrac{y+z+t-nx+z+t+x-ny+t+x+y-nz+x+y+z-nt}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3y+3z+3t-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{\left(3-n\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=3-n\)
Nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t-nx=3x-nx\\z+t+x-ny=3y-ny\\t+x+y-nz=3z-nz\\x+y+z-nt=3t-nt\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t=3x\\z+t+x=3y\\t+x+y=3z\\x+y+z=3t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}\\y=\dfrac{z+t+x}{3}\\z=\dfrac{t+x+y}{3}\\t=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào \(P\) ta có:
\(P=x+2y-3z+t\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(z+t+x\right)}{3}-\dfrac{3\left(t+x+y\right)}{3}+\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t+2z+t+x-3t-3x-3y+x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x+x-3x\right)+\left(y+y-3y\right)+\left(z+z+2z\right)+\left(t+t-3t\right)}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-x-y-z+4t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-\left(x+y+z+t\right)+5t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-2012+5t}{3}\)
Tốn sức quá T^T
Tuy không hoàn toàn giống nhưng bạn tham khảo rồi chứng minh tương tự nhé !
https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/459079.html
\(M=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}=\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{z}{x+z+t}\)\(\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}>\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}\)
\(Tương\)\(tự\):\(\Rightarrow M< \dfrac{2\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(Ta\) \(có\):\(2>M>1\)
\(\Rightarrow M\notin N\)\(sao\)
\(M=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}+\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}>\dfrac{x}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}>\dfrac{y}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}>\dfrac{z}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}>\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+t}\end{matrix}\right.\) Cộng theo \(3\) vế ta có:
\(M>\dfrac{x}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+t}=1\)
Lại có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}< \dfrac{y+z}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}< \dfrac{z+x}{x+y+z+t}\\\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}< \dfrac{t+y}{x+y+z+t}\end{matrix}\right.\)Cộng theo \(3\) vế ta có:
\(M< \dfrac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{z+x}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{t+y}{x+y+z+t}=2\)Như vậy \(1< M< 2\Leftrightarrow M\notin N\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}+\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}\)
Giả sử \(A\in N\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}\in N\\\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}\in N\\\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}\in N\\\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}\in N\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x⋮x+y+z\\y⋮x+y+t\\z⋮y+z+t\\t⋮x+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(x;y;z;t\in N\circledast\) nên:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge x+y+z\\y\ge x+y+t\\z\ge y+z+t\\t\ge x+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-x\ge x+y+z-x\\y-y\ge x+y+t-y\\z-z\ge y+z+t-z\\t-t\ge x+z+t-t\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z\le0\\x+t\le0\\y+t\le0\\x+z\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(x;y;z;t\in N\circledast\) nên những điều trên không thể xảy ra
\(\Rightarrow\) điều giả sử sai,\(A\notin N\left(đpcm\right)\)
(A=dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+dfrac{y}{y+z+t}+dfrac{z}{z+t+x}+dfrac{t}{t+x+y})
Giả sử: (Ain N) thì
(left{{}egin{matrix}dfrac{x}{x+y+z}in N\dfrac{y}{y+z+t}in N\dfrac{z}{z+t+x}in N\dfrac{t}{x+y+t}in Nend{matrix} ight.) (Leftrightarrowleft{{}egin{matrix}x⋮x+y+z\y⋮y+z+t\z⋮z+t+x\t⋮t+x+yend{matrix} ight.)
Vì (x;y;z;tin Ncircledast) nên
(left{{}egin{matrix}xge x+y+z\yge y+z+t\zge z+t+x\tge t+x+yend{matrix} ight.Leftrightarrowleft{{}egin{matrix}x+yle0\z+tle0\t+xle0\x+yle0end{matrix} ight.)
Điều trên ko thể xảy ra, (A otin N)
Thấy hơi chém 0,1+0,9=1 đó thôi!