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\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Hoặc:
\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{4\left(y+z\right)}}=x\)
\(\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\) ; \(\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Sử dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có:
\(x^3+y^2\ge2yx\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{2yx\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự cộng lại suy ra:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y+z}-\frac{z^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}-\frac{y^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}-\frac{x^2}{x+z}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}-\frac{x^2}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{x+z}-\frac{y^2}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{x+y}-\frac{z^2}{y+z}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(\frac{1}{y+z}-\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+y^2\left(\frac{1}{x+z}-\frac{1}{x+y}\right)+z^2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}-\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(\frac{x-y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\right)+y^2\left(\frac{y-z}{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}\right)+z^2\left(\frac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+y^2\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+z^2\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-y^2\right)+y^2\left(y^2-z^2\right)+z^2\left(z^2-x^2\right)\ge0\)
\(x^4-x^2y^2+y^4-y^2z^2+z^4-z^2x^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^4-2x^2y^2+2y^4-2y^2z^2+2z^4-2z^2x^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-2x^2y^2+y^4\right)+\left(y^4-2y^2z^2+z^4\right)+\left(z^4-2z^2x^2+x^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+\left(y^2-z^2\right)^2+\left(z^2-x^2\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Áp dụng bđt AM - GM ta có :
\(\frac{x^3}{y^2}+x\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{y^2}.x}=\frac{2x^2}{y}\)
\(\frac{y^3}{z^2}+y\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y^3}{z^2}.y}=\frac{2y^2}{z}\)
\(\frac{z^3}{x^2}+z\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z^3}{x^2}.z}=\frac{2z^2}{x}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(\frac{x^3}{y^2}+\frac{y^3}{z^2}+\frac{z^3}{x^2}+x+y+z\ge2\left(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)\)
Ta lại có : \(\left(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)(bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{x^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z}=x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{y^2}+\frac{y^3}{z^2}+\frac{z^3}{x^2}+x+y+z\ge2\left(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{y^2}+\frac{y^3}{z^2}+\frac{z^3}{x^2}\ge x+y+z\ge1\)(đpcm)
\(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\frac{y}{x+z}+1\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x+y}+1\right)-3\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{x+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{x+y}-3=\left(x+y+z\right).\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)-3\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)-3\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Áp dụng Cô-Si cho các số không âm:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}}=2;\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{y}}=2;\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}.\frac{z}{x}}=2\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức ta được: \(\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\ge2+2+2=6\)
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