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Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x},b=\frac{1}{y},c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a,b,c>0\\ab+bc+ca=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(K=\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}\left(1+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}\left(1+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}\left(1+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}}\) \(=\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\frac{a^2+1}{a^2bc}}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\frac{b^2+1}{ab^2c}}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}}{\sqrt{\frac{c^2+1}{abc^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2+1}}\) \(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow K\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(ĐK:x,y,z\ne0\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{xy}{z^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{yz}{x^2}=\frac{xyz}{z^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{x^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)\)
Dễ CM \(x+y+z=0\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{y}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)^3=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
Do đó \(A=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
Cách 1 : áp dụng hđt a3 +b3 +c3 = 3abc nếu a+b+c = 0 . cách này thì bạn có thể chúng minh đc nhưng hơi dài.
Cách 2 : ta sử dụng trực tiếp
\(\frac{1}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{y}\)+\(\frac{1}{z}\)=0 =>\(\frac{1}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{y}\)=\(\frac{-1}{z}\)=> (\(\frac{1}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{y}\))3 = \(\frac{-1}{z^3}\)=> \(\frac{1}{x^3}\)+\(\frac{1}{y^3}\)\(+3\frac{1}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)= \(\frac{-1}{z^3}\) ( áp dụng từ hđt quen thuộc \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3ab^2=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)) => \(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+3\frac{1}{xy}\left(\frac{-1}{z}\right)\)= \(\frac{-1}{z^3}\)(vì \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)= 0)
chuyển vế ta có \(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)( tương tự cách 1 nhưng cách 1 là ta áp dụng vào dạng tương tự)
Cũng từ 1 trong trong 2 cách này ta có đoạn sau giống nhau
\(\frac{xy}{z^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{yz}{x^2}=\frac{xyz}{z^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{x^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{z^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
\(3-2P=\frac{x}{x+2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y}{y+2\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z}{z+2\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(3-2P\ge\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2P\le2\Rightarrow P\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(M\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(x+y+2\right)}=\sqrt{20}=4\sqrt{5}\)
\(M_{max}=4\sqrt{5}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=y+4\\x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2}}{\frac{zx+1}{x}}+\frac{\frac{\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2}}{\frac{xy+1}{y}}+\frac{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2}}{\frac{yz+1}{z}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{a_1^2}{b_1}+\frac{a_2^2}{b_2}+\frac{a_3^2}{b_3}\ge\frac{\left(a_1+a_2+a_3\right)^2}{b_1+b_2+b_3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a_1}{b_1}=\frac{a_2}{b_2}=\frac{a_3}{c_3}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
\(P\ge a+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
=> \(P\ge x+y+z+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left[x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{9}{4}}=3;\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{27}{4\cdot\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{9}{2}\)
=> \(P\ge3+\frac{9}{2}=\frac{15}{2}\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy MinP=\(\frac{15}{2}\)đạt được khi x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, ta có:
\(\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}=x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}}+\frac{27}{4.\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{15}{2}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
ĐẶt \(\left(x,y,z\right)\rightarrow\left(a,b,c\right)\) ( cho dễ nhìn thôi ko có ý j cả :) )
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a^4+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^4bc}=2a^2\sqrt{bc}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a^4+bc}\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2\sqrt{bc}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{bc}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng lại :
\(P\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{ac}}\). Lại theo AM-GM có
\(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\) khi đó
\(P\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{ca}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
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