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Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
Ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}\)
\(M=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức mở rộng ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
Hay: \(M=abc\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\right]\)
\(M=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3abc}{abc}\)
\(M=0+3=3\)
\(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+abc}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b\left(c+1+ac\right)}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b+1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{c+1+ac}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac}{abc+ac+abc.c}+\dfrac{1}{ac+c+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac}{1+ac+c}+\dfrac{1}{ac+c+c}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac+1+c}{ac+c+1}=1\) (đpcm)
Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ac}\ge\dfrac{9}{1+1+1+ab+bc+ca}\)(AM-GM)
Lại có:\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{3+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Cháu làm cho bác câu 2 thôi,câu 3 THANGDZ làm rồi sợ mất bản quyền lắm:v
Lời giải:
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{b}{b+2c+3a}+\dfrac{c}{c+2a+3b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2bc+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ac+3bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+5ab+5bc+5ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cho mình hỏi bạn biết làm chưa nếu rồi thì giúp mình được không ạ mình ko biết làm
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{ab+c}{c+1}=\sum\dfrac{ab+c}{a+c+b+c}\le\sum\dfrac{ab+c}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c+3}{4}=\dfrac{4}{4}=1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{ab+c}{c+1}=\frac{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a+b+c}=\frac{a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{c+a+b+c}=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c+a+b+c}\)
Do \(a;b;c>0\Rightarrow a+c;b+c>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) , ta có :
\(\frac{ab+c}{c+1}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{4}.\frac{a+b+c+c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{c+1}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự , ta có : \(\frac{bc+a}{a+1}\le\frac{a+1}{4}\) ; \(\frac{ac+b}{b+1}\le\frac{b+1}{4}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) có : \(\frac{ab+c}{c+1}+\frac{bc+a}{a+1}+\frac{ac+b}{b+1}\le\frac{a+1+b+1+c+1}{4}=\frac{a+b+c+3}{4}=1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy ...
Ta có : \(\dfrac{ab+1}{b}=\dfrac{ac+1}{a}=\dfrac{bc+1}{c}=\dfrac{ab+1+ac+1-bc-1}{b+a-c}=\dfrac{ab+ac-bc+1}{b+a-c}\)
=> \(\dfrac{ab}{b}=\dfrac{ac}{a}=\dfrac{bc}{c}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{b}{c}=1\)
Điều này chỉ xảy ra khí a=b=c ( đpcm)