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a: A=-3/8x^2z*2/3xy^2z^2*4/5x^3y=-1/5x^6y^3z^3
b: Khi x=-1;y=-2;z=-3 thì -3/8x^2z=-3/8*(-1)^2*(-3)=9/8
2/3xy^2z^2=2/3*(-1)*(2*3)^2=-2/3*36=-24
4/5x^3y=4/5*(-1)^3*(-3)=12/5
A=-1/5*(-1)^6*(-2)^3*(-3)^3=-216/5
Bài tập `17`
`a,` ` @` Tớ nghĩ là tính tích ba đơn thức chứ nhỉ ?
\(-\dfrac{3}{8}x^2z.\dfrac{2}{3}xy^2z^2.\dfrac{4}{5}x^3y\\ =\left(-\dfrac{3}{8}.\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(x^2.x.x^3\right)\left(y^2.y\right)\left(z.z^2\right)\\ =-\dfrac{1}{5}x^6y^3z^3\)
`b,` Tại `x=-1 ; y=-2;z=-3`
Thì \(-\dfrac{3}{8}x^2z=-\dfrac{3}{8}.\left(-1\right)^2.\left(-3\right)=-\dfrac{3}{8}.1.\left(-3\right)=\dfrac{9}{8}\\ \dfrac{2}{3}xy^2z^2=\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(-1\right)\left(-2\right)^2\left(-3\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(-1\right).4.9=-24\\ \dfrac{4}{5}x^3y=\dfrac{4}{5}.\left(-1\right)^3.\left(-2\right)=\dfrac{4}{5}.\left(-1\right).\left(-2\right)=\dfrac{8}{5}\)
Câu 1:
\(\text{a) }\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(x-1\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2ax-2a}{5bx+5b}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)
\(\text{d) }\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
\(\text{e) }\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x+y\right)^3}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^4-xy^3}\)
Câu 3:
\(\text{ a) }\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{a+b+c}=a+b-c\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+c+b\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}\\ =\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\\ =\dfrac{2x^3-x^2-6x^2+3x-15x+45}{3x^3-10x^2-9x^2+3x+30x-9}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x^3-x^2-15x\right)-\left(6x^2-3x-45\right)}{\left(3x^3-10x^2+3x\right)-\left(9x^2-30x+9\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x-15\right)-3\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{x\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)-3\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-6x+5x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-9x-x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(2x^2-6x\right)+\left(5x-15\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(3x^2-9x\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+5}{3x-1}\)
Lời giải:
Từ \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
Suy ra \(yz=-xy-xz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=x(x-y)-z(x-y)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2yz=(x-z)(x-y)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\frac{yz}{(x-z)(x-y)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(A=\frac{yz}{(x-y)(x-z)}+\frac{xz}{(y-x)(y-z)}+\frac{xy}{(z-x)(z-y)}\)
\(A=\frac{-yz(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}+\frac{-xz(z-x)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}+\frac{-xy(x-y)}{x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(A=\frac{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(A=\frac{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}=1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-yz-xz\\yz=-xy-xz\\xz=-xy-xz\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+yz-xy-xz}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\\\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\\\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{xz+xy+yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{0}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=0\)
Vậy \(A=0.\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2xy}+\frac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2yz}+\frac{x^2+z^2-y^2}{2xz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2xy}+1+\frac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2yz}-1+\frac{x^2+z^2-y^2}{2xz}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(x+y-z)(x+y+z)}{2xy}+\frac{(y-z-x)(y-z+x)}{2yz}+\frac{(x-z-y)(x-z+y)}{2xz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-z)\left[\frac{x+y+z}{2xy}+\frac{y-z-x}{2yz}+\frac{x-z-y}{2xz}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-z)(xz+yz+z^2+xy-zx-x^2+xy-zy-y^2)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-z)[z^2-(x-y)^2]=0\Leftrightarrow (x+y-z)(z-x+y)(x+z-y)=0\)
Nếu $x+y-z=0$ thì:
\(\frac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2xy}=\frac{(x+y)^2-z^2-2xy}{2xy}=-1\); \(\frac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2yz}=\frac{z(y-x)+z^2}{2yz}=\frac{y-x+z}{2y}=\frac{y-x+y+x}{2y}=1\)
\(\frac{x^2+z^2-y^2}{2xz}=1-(-1)-1=1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Các TH còn lại tương tự.
Vậy........
Các đơn thức là:
\(-3;2z;-10x^2yz;\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
Các đa thức là:
\(\dfrac{1}{3}xy+1;5x-\dfrac{z}{2};1+\dfrac{1}{y}\)
\(A\cdot B\cdot C=\dfrac{-2}{3}x^3yz^2\cdot xy^2z^3\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}x^2yz\)
\(=\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(x^3\cdot x\cdot x^2\right)\left(y\cdot y^2\cdot y\right)\cdot\left(z^2\cdot z^3\cdot z\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}x^6y^4z^6>=0\forall x,y,z\)
=>ba đơn thức trên sẽ có ít nhất 1 đơn thức không âm với mọi x,y,z