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a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) và \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)(b > 0, d > 0)
Nếu \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) (b > 0, d > 0) thì ad = bc.
=> Nếu \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) thì ad < bc.
Vậy nếu \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) thì ad < bc.
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=> \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) < \(\dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
=> ad < bc
Vậy ad < bc
b) Ta có: ad < bc
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
1. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{ab}{cd},\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
a) Mẫu chung bd > 0 ( do b > 0, d > 0 ) nên nếu \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) thì ad < bc
b) Ngược lại, Nếu ad < bc thì \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Ta có thể viết: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
2. a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )
Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) ( 2 )
Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) ( 3 )
Từ (2) và (3) ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
1
a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
2
b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-1}{4}=\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Ta có dãy sau : \(\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48};\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) và \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) là :\(\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48}\)
1a ) Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) < \(\dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Rightarrow\) ad < bc
1b ) Như trên
2b) \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) ; \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
\(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-15}{48}\) <\(\dfrac{-14}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-13}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa là.................
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{bk}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{dk}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{bk-b}{bk}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{bk}=\dfrac{k-1}{k}\)
\(\dfrac{c-d}{c}=\dfrac{dk-d}{dk}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{dk}=\dfrac{k-1}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\rightarrowđpcm\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) và \(\dfrac{c}{d}\left(b>0,d>0\right)\)
a) Giả sử: +) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(ad=bc\) (nhân chéo)
\(\Rightarrow\) nếu \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) thì \(ad< bc.\)
b) Giả sử \(ad=bc\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) nếu \(ad< bc\) thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}.\)
\(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{y}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{2y}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1-2y}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(1-2y\right)=40\)
\(\Rightarrow x;1-2y\in U\left(40\right)\)
\(U\left(40\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm5;\pm8;\pm10;\pm20;\pm40\right\}\)
Mà 1-2y lẻ nên:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2y=1\Rightarrow2y=0\Rightarrow y=0\\x=40\\1-2y=-1\Rightarrow2y=2\Rightarrow y=1\\x=-40\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2y=5\Rightarrow2y=-4\Rightarrow y=-2\\x=8\\1-2y=-5\Rightarrow2y=6\Rightarrow y=3\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
b tương tự.
c) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1< 0\Rightarrow x< -1\\x-2>0\Rightarrow x>2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1>0\Rightarrow x>-1\\x-2< 0\Rightarrow x< 2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-1< x< 2\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)
d tương tự
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0< =>a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\ \left(b-c\right)^2\ge0< =>b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\ \left(c-a\right)^2\ge0< =>a^2+c^2\ge2ac\) ;
Cộng các vế tương ứng của 3 bất pt trên ta đc:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
<=>\(0\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
=> ĐPCM
Dấu = xảy ra a=b=c=0
a) Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}=\frac{c^2-d^2}{cd}\)
b) Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{b^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2+1}\) (1)
Tương tự, ta cũng có \(\frac{\left(c+d\right)^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2+1}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) suy ra \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{\left(c+d\right)^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a.d}{b.d}\) và \(\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{c.b}{d.b}\)
Từ trên suy ra :
Nếu ad < bc thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) \(\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) => ad < bc (1)
Thêm ab và cả hai vế của (1) :
ad + ab < bc + ab
a(b+d) < b(a+c)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) (2)
Thêm cd vào hai vế của (1) :
ad + cd < bc + cd
d( a+c) < c( b+d )
=> \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) (3)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
`a)a/b<c/d`
Nhân 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(abd)/b<(bcd)/d`
`<=>ad<bc`
`b)ad<bc`
Chia 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(ad)/(bd)<(bc)/(bd)`
`<=>a/b<c/d`.
Thank>3