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\(P=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}P=\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)
\(\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{9}{2a}\right)+\left(2b+\dfrac{9}{2b}\right)+\left(2c+\dfrac{9}{2c}\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{9}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge4+\dfrac{9}{2}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=4+\dfrac{81}{4}=\dfrac{97}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)
PS: Lần sau chép đề cẩn thận nhé bạn.
Nice proof, nhưng đã quy đồng là phải thế này :v
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)+\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)+\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-a\right)+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-b\right)+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+\left(c^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2c+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)^2}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)^2}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)^2}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Khi \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{1+t}\) là hàm lõm trên \([-1, +\infty)\) ta có:
\(f(t)\le f(3)+f'(3)(t-3)\forall t\ge -1\)
Tức là \(f\left(t\right)\le2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(t-3\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}t\forall t\ge-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT này ta có:
\(\sqrt{a^2+3}=a\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\le a\left(\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}a+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\sqrt{b^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}b+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b};\sqrt{c^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}c+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VT\)
Từng sau em hạn chế đăng nhiều bài cùng một lúc như thế này nhé.
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}=(a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số không âm ta có:
\((a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\geq 4\sqrt[4]{\frac{4(a-b)(b+1)^2}{4(a-b)(b+1)^2}}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}=(a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}-1\geq 4-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\geq 3\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a-b=\frac{b+1}{2}=\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=2; b=1\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b}, \frac{b}{c}, \frac{c}{a}\right)\mapsto (x,y,z)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\geq \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=xy+yz+xz(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^2+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\geq 2\sqrt{y^2z^2}=2yz\)
\(z^2+x^2\geq 2\sqrt{z^2x^2}=2zx\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
Do đó (*) đúng, ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 3:
Ta có: \(\text{VT}=(\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}})+(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}})\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}})(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\geq (\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a})^2\)
\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}}\geq \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\sqrt{abc}}}=3(2)\) do $abc=1$
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(S=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}\)
\(\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\sqrt{\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\left(1+4^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(a+\dfrac{4}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)\(\left(bunhia\right)\)
\(tương-tự\Rightarrow\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(b+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(c+\dfrac{4}{a}\right)\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(a+\dfrac{4}{b}+b+\dfrac{4}{c}+c+\dfrac{4}{a}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left[16a+\dfrac{4}{a}+16b+\dfrac{4}{b}+16c+\dfrac{4}{c}-15\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left[2\sqrt{16a.\dfrac{4}{a}}+2\sqrt{16b.\dfrac{4}{b}}+2\sqrt{16c.\dfrac{4}{c}}-15.\dfrac{3}{2}\right]\left(am-gm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(16+16+16-\dfrac{45}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow MinS=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)