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\(3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx\le2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}f\left(x\right)dx\) (1)
Ta lại có:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{3}\ge2\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]\ge2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx=2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3\int f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)dx=\int\frac{1}{3}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+C\)
Thay \(x=0\Rightarrow f^3\left(0\right)=C\Rightarrow C=1\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+1\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f^3\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{x}{3}+1\right)dx=\frac{7}{6}\)
Đang học Lý mà thấy bài nguyên hàm hay hay nên nhảy vô luôn :b
\(I_1=\int\limits^1_0xf\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\int xf\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2f\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\int x^2f'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0xf\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2|^1_0-\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0x^2f'\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=\dfrac{3}{10}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0x^2f'\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Đoạn này hơi rối xíu, ông để ý kỹ nhé, nhận thấy ta có 2 dữ kiện đã biết, là: \(\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=\dfrac{9}{5}and\int\limits^1_0x^2f'\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{3}{5}\) có gì đó liên quan đến hằng đẳng thức, nên ta sẽ sử dụng luôn
\(\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)+tx^2\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx+2t\int\limits^1_0x^2f'\left(x\right)dx+t^2\int\limits^1_0x^4dx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9}{5}+\dfrac{6}{5}t+\dfrac{1}{5}t^2=0\) \(\left(\int\limits^1_0x^4dx=\dfrac{1}{5}x^5|^1_0=\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\)\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow t=-3\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-3x^2\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f'\left(x\right)=3x^2\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=x^3+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}x^4|^1_0=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
P/s: Có gì ko hiểu hỏi mình nhé !
Xét \(I=\int\limits^1_0x.f\left(3x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(3x=u\Rightarrow dx=\dfrac{1}{3}du\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow u=0\\x=1\Rightarrow u=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{9}\int\limits^3_0u.f\left(u\right)du=\dfrac{1}{9}\int\limits^3_0x.f\left(x\right)dx=1\)
\(\Rightarrow J=\int\limits^3_0x.f\left(x\right)dx=9\)
Xét J, đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=x.dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{x^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow J=\dfrac{x^2}{2}.f\left(x\right)|^3_0-\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^3_0x^2.f'\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{9}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^3_0x^2.f'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_0x^2.f'\left(x\right)dx=9-2J=-9\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)
\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)
Câu 2:
\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
Tham khảo:
Giả sử hàm số f(x) là hàm số chẵn trên đoạn [-a; a], ta có:
Đổi biến x = - t đối với tích phân
Ta được:
Vậy
Trường hợp sau chứng minh tương tự. Áp dụng:
Vì 
là hàm số lẻ trên đoạn [-2; 2] nên
Xét \(I=\int\limits^1_0x^2f\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3.f\left(x\right)|^1_0-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx=-1\)
Lại có: \(\int\limits^1_0x^6.dx=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx+14\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx+49.\int\limits^1_0x^6dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)+7x^3\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)+7x^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=-7x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int-7x^3dx=-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+C\)
\(f\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+\dfrac{7}{4}\right)dx=...\)