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I. Khái niệm:
Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
II.3 nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:
Đổi ngôi, đổi tân ngữ
Lùi thì
Đổi cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Cụ thể như sau:
Rule (Quy tắc) | Direct speech (Trực tiếp) | Reported speech (Gián tiếp) |
1. Tenses (Thì) | Present simple (V/Vs/es) | Past simple (Ved) |
Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) | Past progressive (was/were+Ving) | |
Present perfect (have/has+VpII) | Past perfect (had+VPII) | |
Past simple (Ved) | Past perfect (had +VpII) | |
Past progressive (was/were +Ving) | Past progressive/ | |
Past perfect | Past perfect | |
Future simple (will +V) | Future in the past (would +V) | |
Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) | Was/were +going to +V | |
2. Modal verbs | Can | Could |
3. Adverb of place | This | That |
These | Those | |
Here | There | |
4. Adverb of time | Now | Then |
Today | That day | |
Yesterday | The day before/ the previous day | |
The day before yesterday | Two days before | |
Tomorrow | The day after/the next (following) day | |
The day after tomorrow | Two days after/ in two days’ time | |
Ago | Before | |
This week | That week | |
Last week | The week before/ the previous week | |
Last night | The night before | |
Next week | The week after/ the following week | |
5.Subject/Object | I / me | She, he /Her, him |
We /our | They/ them | |
You/you | I, we/ me, us |
III. Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1.Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu kể/tường thuật:
Câu gián tiếp:
S + | said | that + | Clause |
VD:
“I’m going to visit Japan next month”, she said. → She said that she was going to visit Japan the following month.
“He picked me up yesterday”, Lan said to me. → Lan said to me that he had picked her up the day before.
2.Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi
Câu hỏi Yes/No question
Câu hỏi Yes/No question là câu hỏi mà người nghe sẽ phải lựa chọn trả lời Yes/No cho mỗi câu hỏi.
Câu gián tiếp:
S + | asked | if | + Clause |
VD:
“Do you love English?”, the teacher asked. → The teacher asked me if/whether I loved English.
“Have you done your homeworked yet?”, they asked. → They asked me if/whether I had done my homework yet.
Lưu ý: Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có từ “OR NOT” thì câu gián tiếp bắt buộc phải dùng WHETHER
“Does she roses or not?”, he wondered. → He wondered whether she d roses or not.
Câu hỏi Wh-questions
Câu hỏi Wh-questions là câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi Wh- (What, Where, When, Which, Why, How…)
Câu gián tiếp:
S + | asked | + Clause (Wh-word + S + V(thì)) |
VD:
“Where do you live, Nam?”, asked she. → She asked Nam where he lived.
3. Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh (Vinf/ Don’t + Vinf, please)
Câu gián tiếp:
S + | asked/told/ordered/advised/wanted/warned | + sb + (not) to Vinf |
VD:
“Open the book page 117, please”,the teacher said. → The teacher asked us to open the book page 117.
“Don’t touch that dog”, he said. → He asked/told me not to touch that dog.
1.Your hair's too long . I think you should get it up
2.Your clothes are dirty. You should wash them
3.I'm going to bed. I have to get up early tomorrow
4.I'd to meet your best friend. You should invite him/her round
5.I have to tell my parents where I am, then they don't worry
6.You should come with me if you don't want to. I'll go on my own
1. Your hair's too long. I think you should get it up
2. Your clother are dirty. You have to wash them
3. I'm going to bed. I have to get up early tomorrow
4. I'd to meet your best friend. You should invite him/ her round
5. I have to tell my parents where I am, then they don't worry
6. You should come with me if you don't want to. I'll go on my own.
~ Hok tốt ~
1 he persuaded her to come to his party
2 he said to me he would often lend me some money if i
3 he invited us why we didn't have a holiday in his cottage
4 tom refused that he wouldn't talk to the lawyer
5 aunt fancy persuaded that i went to the movie the night before
6 she warned them to keep out of that room all the time
7 he threatened me that he would drive me to the airport if i couldn't find anyone else
8 he/she/my mother... warned me to be careful of malefactors and didn't go out at night alone
9 i/we/he/she...advised nam not to spend so much money on gambling
10 my father/mother... told me to fasten the seatbelts
1." get out now ! " , the boss said to his secretory
-> The boss asked to his secretory to get out then.
2" please don't tell anybody the truth ." , Tom said to his friend.
-> Tom told his friend not to tell anybody the truth.
3." can you give me lift to my office , Maria ? " , said John
-> John asked Maria if she could give him lift to his office.
4." can I borrow your bike ? " he said to me .
-> He told me if he could borrow my bike.
5." don't leave the door open " , my teacher said to us
-> My teacher asked us not to leave the door open.
6. " don't come there tomorrow " , she said to her friends.
-> She told her friends not to come there the next day.
7." wait for me five minutes and don't go anywhere " , my mother said to us.
-> My mother asked us to wait for her five minutes and not to go anywhere.
8." would you give me a cup of tea , Linda ? " , the boss said .
-> The boss told Linda if she would give him a cup of tea
9." let me alone , please " , Sam said to her mother.
-> Sam asked her mother to let her alone.
10." please help me to fill the bottle with water " , a little girl said to us.
=> A little girl told us to help her to fil the bottle with water.
1." get out now ! " , the boss said to his secretory
-> The boss ordered his secretory / told his secretory to get out then.
2" please don't tell anybody the truth ." , Tom said to his friend.
-> Tom told his friend not to tell anybody the truth.
3." can you give me lift to my office , Maria ? " , said John
-> John asked Maria if she could give him a lift to his office.
4." can I borrow your bike ? " he said to me .
-> He asked me if he could borrow my bike.
5." don't leave the door open " , my teacher said to us
-> My teacher told us not to leave the door open.
6. " don't come there tomorrow " , she said to her friends.
-> She told her friends not to come there the following day.
7." wait for me five minutes and don't go anywhere " , my mother said to us.
-> My mother told us to wait for her five minutes and not to go anywhere.
8." would you give me a cup of tea , Linda ? " , the boss said .
-> The boss asked Linda if she would give him a cup of tea.
9." let me alone , please " , Sam said to her mother.
-> Sam told her mother to let him alone.
10." please help me to fill the bottle with water " , a little girl said to us.
-> A little girl told us to help her to fill the bottle with water.
1." get out now ! " , the boss said to his secretory
-> The boss asked to his secretory to get out then.
2" please don't tell anybody the truth ." , Tom said to his friend.
-> Tom told his friend not to tell anybody the truth.
3." can you give me lift to my office , Maria ? " , said John
-> John asked Maria if she could give him lift to his office.
4." can I borrow your bike ? " he said to me .
-> He told me if he could borrow my bike.
5." don't leave the door open " , my teacher said to us
-> My teacher asked us not to leave the door open.
6. " don't come there tomorrow " , she said to her friends.
-> She told her friends not to come there the next day.
7." wait for me five minutes and don't go anywhere " , my mother said to us.
-> My mother asked us to wait for her five minutes and not to go anywhere.
8." would you give me a cup of tea , Linda ? " , the boss said .
-> The boss told Linda if she would give him a cup of tea
9." let me alone , please " , Sam said to her mother.
-> Sam asked her mother to let her alone.
10." please help me to fill the bottle with water " , a little girl said to us.
=> A little girl told us to help her to fil the bottle with water.
1." get out now ! " , the boss said to his secretory
-> The boss ordered his secretory / told his secretory to get out then.
2" please don't tell anybody the truth ." , Tom said to his friend.
-> Tom told his friend not to tell anybody the truth.
3." can you give me lift to my office , Maria ? " , said John
-> John asked Maria if she could give him a lift to his office.
4." can I borrow your bike ? " he said to me .
-> He asked me if he could borrow my bike.
5." don't leave the door open " , my teacher said to us
-> My teacher told us not to leave the door open.
6. " don't come there tomorrow " , she said to her friends.
-> She told her friends not to come there the following day.
7." wait for me five minutes and don't go anywhere " , my mother said to us.
-> My mother told us to wait for her five minutes and not to go anywhere.
8." would you give me a cup of tea , Linda ? " , the boss said .
-> The boss asked Linda if she would give him a cup of tea.
9." let me alone , please " , Sam said to her mother.
-> Sam told her mother to let him alone.
10." please help me to fill the bottle with water " , a little girl said to us.
-> A little girl told us to help her to fill the bottle with water.
1.She said to him "Give me another glass of wine"
she told him to give her another glass of wine
2.She said to me "bring me a book"
she told me to bring her a book.
3.Mother said to him "open the window please"
mother told him to open the window
4.He said to me "shut the door after you"
he told me to shut the door after me
5.The captain said to them "wait here still I come back"
the captain told them to wait there still he come back
6.She told her "take it and come with me"
She told her to take it and come with her
7.He said to me "don't coem back before one o'clock"
he told me not to come back before one o'clock
8.My mother told me "don't forget to look at the door"
My mother told me not to forget to look at the door
9.He said to his brother "don't open the window, open the door"
he told his brother not to open the window, open the door
10.He said to the girl "don't sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!"
he told the girl not to sit on his bed, sit on that chair
1.She said to him "Give me another glass of wine"
she told him to give her another glass of wine
2.She said to me "bring me a book"
she told me to bring her a book.
3.Mother said to him "open the window please"
mother told him to open the window
4.He said to me "shut the door after you"
he told me to shut the door after me
5.The captain said to them "wait here still I come back"
the captain told them to wait there still he come back
6.She told her "take it and come with me"
She told her to take it and come with her
7.He said to me "don't coem back before one o'clock"
he told me not to come back before one o'clock
8.My mother told me "don't forget to look at the door"
My mother told me not to forget to look at the door
9.He said to his brother "don't open the window, open the door"
he told his brother not to open the window, open the door
10.He said to the girl "don't sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!"
he told the girl not to sit on his bed, sit on that chair
1. " Please, give Nam my message ", Paul said to me
=> Paul asked me to give Nam his message
2. " Don't ask me about it ! ", Lam said to me
=> Lam asked me not to ask him about it.
3. " Please, keep silent during the meeting !, Jane said to everybody
=> Jane asked everybody to keep silent during the meeting.
4. " Can you put the little in the trash can ? , She said to me
She asked me if I could put the little in the trash can.
5. " Write your composition on a sheet of paper, " the teacher told us
=> The teacher told us to write our composition on a sheet of paper.
6. " Please, don't smoke on the bus !", the conductor said to everybody
=> The conductor asked everybody not to smoke on the bus.
7. " Don't use my computer again !", Tom told his brother
=> Tom told his brother not to use his computer again.
8. " Can you turn down the music, please ?", Sheila said to her sister
9. " Don't dye your hari !", Mr. Tam said to his daughter
10. " Stay away from bad friends !", Mr. Hai said to his son
1. " Please, give Nam my message ", Paul said to me
=> Paul asked me to give Nam his message
2. " Don't ask me about it ! ", Lam said to me
=> Lam asked me not to ask him about it.
3. " Please, keep silent during the meeting !, Jane said to everybody
=> Jane asked everybody to keep silent during the meeting.
4. " Can you put the little in the trash can ? , She said to me
She asked me if I could put the little in the trash can.
5. " Write your composition on a sheet of paper, " the teacher told us
=> The teacher told us to write our composition on a sheet of paper.
6. " Please, don't smoke on the bus !", the conductor said to everybody
=> The conductor asked everybody not to smoke on the bus.
7. " Don't use my computer again !", Tom told his brother
=> Tom told his brother not to use his computer again.
8. " Can you turn down the music, please ?", Sheila said to her sister
=> Sheila asked her sister if she could turn down the music.
9. " Don't dye your hari !", Mr. Tam said to his daughter
=> Mr.Tam asked his daughter not to dye her hari.
10. " Stay away from bad friends !", Mr. Hai said to his son
=> Mr.Hai asked his son to stay away from bad friends.
1.She said to him "Give me another glass of wine"
she told him to give her another glass of wine
2.She said to me "bring me a book"
she told me to bring her a book.
3.Mother said to him "open the window please"
mother told him to open the window
4.He said to me "shut the door after you"
he told me to shut the door after me
5.The captain said to them "wait here still I come back"
the captain told them to wait there still he come back
6.She told her "take it and come with me"
She told her to take it and come with her
7.He said to me "don't coem back before one o'clock"
he told me not to come back before one o'clock
8.My mother told me "don't forget to look at the door"
My mother told me not to forget to look at the door
9.He said to his brother "don't open the window, open the door"
he told his brother not to open the window, open the door
10.He said to the girl "don't sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!"
he told the girl not to sit on his bed, sit on that chair
I. chuyển những câu sau đây sang lời nới gián tiếp
1. go at once !
=> She asked me to go at once
2. have a cup of tea , please.
=> I asked her to have a cup of tea
3. wrap it up in a piece of paper.
=> He asked me to wrap it up in a piece of paper
4. don't put your elbow on the table.
=> I asked Tom not to put his elbow on the table
5. Write your name clearly on the top .
=> Minh asked me to write my name clearly on the top
6. don't wipe your dirty fingers on my clothes .
=> I asked him not to wipe his dirty fingers on my clothes
7. wait here under the tree until the rain stops
=> She asked Mary to wait there under the tree until the rain stopped
8. come and see me whenever you have a few hours to spare .
=> He asked me to come and see him whenever I had a few hours to spare
9. don't spend all your money on food and drinks .
=> She asked me not to spend all my money on food and drink
10. be careful , don't answer hastily .
=> She asked him to be careful , not to answer hastily
11. be careful , don't answer hastily.
=> She asked me to be careful , not to answer hastily
12. hurry up if you want to go out with me .
=> I asked him to hurry up if he wanted to go out with me