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1.
a) X + HCl\(\rightarrow\) XCl +\(\frac{1}{2}\)H2
Ta có: \(\text{mHCl=54,75.20%=10,95 gam }\)
\(\rightarrow\)nHCl=\(\frac{10,95}{36,5}\)=0,3 mol
Theo ptpu: \(\text{nHCl=nX=nXCl=0,3 mol}\)
Ta có mXCl=17,55\(\rightarrow\) M XCl=\(\frac{17,55}{0,3}\)=58,5=MX + MCl=MX + 35,5 \(\rightarrow\) MX = 23\(\rightarrow\) Na
b) Ta có: nNa=0,3 mol
\(\rightarrow\) \(\text{mNa=0,3.23=6,9 gam}\)
nH2=\(\frac{1}{2}\)nHCl=0,15 mol \(\rightarrow\)V H2=0,15.22,4=3,36 lít
2.
a) R + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) RCl2 + H2
Ta có: \(\text{nHCl=0,15.2,5=0,375 mol}\)
Theo ptpu : nR=nRCl2=\(\frac{1}{2}\)nHCl=0,1875 mol
\(\rightarrow\)M RCl2=\(\frac{\text{20,8125}}{0,1875}\)=111=M R + 2M Cl \(\rightarrow\) MR=40 \(\rightarrow\) Ca
b)
Ta có : nCa=nH2=0,1875 mol\(\rightarrow\) mCa=0,1875.40=7,5 gam.
\(\text{V H2=0,1875.22,4=4,2 lít}\)
3. Đề sai
4.
a)2M+6HCl\(\rightarrow\)2MCl3+3H2
\(\text{nHCl=0,2.3=0,6(mol)}\)
\(\rightarrow\)nM=\(\frac{nHCL}{3}\)=\(\frac{0,6}{3}\)=0,2(mol)
M=\(\frac{5,4}{0,2}\)=27(đVC)
\(\rightarrow\)M là Al
b)
\(\text{V=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)}\)
\(\text{mdd HCl=200.1,25=250(g)}\)
\(\text{mdd spu=5,4+250-0,3.2=254,8(g)}\)
C%AlCl3=\(\frac{\text{0,2.133,5}}{\text{254,8.100}}\)=10,48%
Lần sau đăng chia nhỏ câu hỏi ra nhé
4.
R+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)RSO4+H2
a) Ta có
nR=nRSO4
\(\rightarrow\)\(\frac{32,88}{R}\)=\(\frac{55,92}{R+96}\)
\(\rightarrow\)\(\text{R=137}\)
\(\rightarrow\)R là Bari(Ba)
b)
nBa=\(\frac{32,88}{137}\)=0,24(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nH2=nBa=0,24(mol)
\(\text{VH2=0,24.22,4=5,376(l)}\)
nH2SO4=nBa=0,24(mol)
CMH2SO4=\(\frac{0,24}{0,2}\)=1,2(M)
2.
M+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MSO4+H2
nH2=\(\frac{4,48}{22,4}\)=0,2(mol)
nM=nH2=0,2(mol)
M=\(\frac{13}{0,2}\)=65(g/mol)
\(\rightarrow\)M là kẽm (Zn)
3.
M+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MSO4+H2
nH2=\(\frac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)
M=\(\frac{14}{0,35}\)=40
\(\rightarrow\)M là Canxi
b)
nCaSO4=nH2=0,35(mol)
\(\text{mCaSO4=0,35.136=47,6(g)}\)
\(n_{MO}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{a}{M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:MO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MO}=n_{MSO_4}=\frac{a}{M+16}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right).98\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right).98.100\%}{17,5\%}=560\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right)\left(g\right)\\m_{MSO_4}=n.M=\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right).\left(M+96\right)\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt:C\%_{ddM}=\frac{m_{MSO_4}}{m_{ddspu}}.100\%=20\%\\ \Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right)\left(M+96\right)}{a+560\left(\frac{a}{M+16}\right)}.100\%=20\%\\ ...................\\ \Leftrightarrow M=24a\\ Vs.a=1\Rightarrow M=24\left(TM\right)\\ \Rightarrow M:Mg\left(Magie\right)\\ \rightarrow CT.Oxit:MgO\)
Sr bạn nhé Mk tl muộn
RCO3+2HCl\(\rightarrow\)RCl2+CO2+H2O
X2CO3+2HCl\(\rightarrow\)2XCl+CO2+H2O
\(\text{mddHCl=150.1,095=164,25(g)}\)
nHCl=\(\frac{\text{164,25.20%}}{36,5}\)=0,9(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nhh=0,45(mol)
Mhh=\(\frac{43,3}{0,45}\)=96,2(g)
\(\rightarrow\) R là Mg X là Na
CMHCl=\(\frac{0,9}{0,15}\)=6(M)
m=mhh+mHCl-mCO2-mH2O
\(\text{=43,3+0,9.36,5-0,45.44-0,45.18=48,25(g)}\)
$a)PTHH:M+2HCl\to MCl_2+H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_M=n_{H_2}=0,6(mol)$
$\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{14,4}{0,6}=24(g/mol)$
Vậy M là Mg
$b)m_{dd_{HCl}}=182,5.1,2=219(g)$
Theo PT: $n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,6.95}{14,4+219-0,6.2}.100\%=24,55\%$