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1,7 gam chất không tan là Cu
=> \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{1,7}{10}.100=17\%\)
Fe+ 2HCl ---------> FeCl2 + H2 ;
2Al + 6HCl ---------> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe, Al
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=10-1,7\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10}.100=56\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{10}.100=27\%\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu}=50-14,4=35,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{14,4}{50}.100=28,8\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{35,6}{50}.100=71,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n\)H2 =\(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) =0,6(mol)
PTHH:
Mg +HCl →MgCl2 + H2
0,6 mol ←0,6 mol
a) \(m\)Mg =0,6. 24 =14,4(g)
\(m\)Cu= 50- 14,4= 35,6(g)
b)\(m\)%Mg= \(\dfrac{14,4}{50}\).100%= 28,8%
\(m\)%Cu=100%- 28,8%= 71,2%
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\%\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 27x + 56y = 5,5 (1)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,5}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{20}.100=84\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-84\%=16\%\)
b.\(m_{Cu}=20-16,8=3,2g\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,05 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ Theo.pt:n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu}=20-16,8=3,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ Mol:0,05\leftarrow0,05\leftarrow0,05\\ m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
Câu 5:
PTHH : H2+ Cl2 -to-> 2 HCl
Vì số mol , tỉ lệ thuận theo thể tích , nên ta có:
25/1 = 25/1 => P.ứ hết, không có chất dư, tính theo chất nào cũng được
=> V(HCl)= 2. V(H2)= 2. 25= 50(l)
Câu 4: mFe2O3= 0,6. 80= 48(g)
=> nFe2O3= 48/160=0,3(mol)
mCuO= 80-48=32(g) => nCuO=32/80=0,4(mol)
PTHH: CuO + CO -to-> Cu + CO2
0,4_______0,4_____0,4____0,4(mol)
Fe2O3 + 3 CO -to-> 2 Fe +3 CO2
0,3_____0,9____0,6______0,9(mol)
=>nCO= 0,4+ 0,9= 1,3(mol)
=> V(CO, đktc)= 1,3. 22,4=29,12(l)
\(a.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:x\left(mol\right)\\Mg:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=11,3\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\ b.\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{11,3}=57,52\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-57,52=42,48\%\\ c.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\\ TheoPT:n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{8,512}{22,4}=0,38\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a <------------------------- a (mol)
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
\(\frac{2}{3}b\) <------------------------------ b (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+18b=16,24\\a+b=0,38\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,18\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mZn = 0,2.65=13(g)
=> mAl = 0,18 . \(\frac{2}{3}\) . 27 = 3,24(g)
pt Zn + 2 HCl ---> ZnCl2 +H2 (1)
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2 AlCl3 +,3H2 (2)
nH2 = 8,512/22,4 = 0,38(mol)
gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn và Al
ta có x +3y = 0,38(3)
65x + 27y = 16,24(4)
từ (3),(4) x=0,23(mol) y= 0,05(mol)
mZn = 0,23.65 = 14,95(g)
mAl = 0,05.27= 1,35(g)