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Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\%\)
Bổ sung câu 2:
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có:
\(n_{H2}=\frac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=\frac{3}{14}.100\%=21,43\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56n_{Fe}+27n_{Al}=14-3\\2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H2}=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,1.56}{14}.100\%=40\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-21,43\%-40\%=38,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=n_{H2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,4.98==39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe_3O_4+4H_2\rightarrow3Fe+4H_2O\)
Ban đầu :___0,2____0,4_________
Phứng : ___0,1____0,4______
Sau : _____0,1_____0__________0,3
\(n_{Fe3O4}=\frac{46,4}{232}==0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi x và y lần lượt là số mol Fe và Al tham gia phản ứng
a/PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + H2
(mol) x x x x
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -----> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
(mol) y 3y/2 y/2 3y/2
Suy ra hệ : \(\begin{cases}152x+\frac{342y}{2}=81,7\\56x+27y=19,3\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{cases}\)
=> mFe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\%Fe=\frac{11,2}{19,3}.100\approx58,03\%\)
%Al = 100% - 58,03% = 41,97%
b/ nH2 = x+3y/2 = 0,2 + 3.0,3/2 = 0,65 (mol)
=> VH2 = 22,4.0,65 = 14,56 (l)
c/ nH2SO4 = x+3y/2 = 0,65 (mol)
=> mH2SO4 = 98.0,65 = 63,7 (g)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
\(n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 11(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a=0,2 ;b = 0,1\\ m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)\\ m_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\% = 49,09\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% -49,09\% = 50,91\%\)
\(A: M, Fe\\ A+H_2SO_4 \to ASO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\frac{5,376}{22,4}=0,24(mol)\\ n_A=n_{H_2}=0,24(mol)\\ M_A=\frac{12}{0,24}=50(g/mol)\\ A+2HCl \to ACl_2+H_2\\ n_A=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}.0,24=0,12(mol)\\ M_A=\frac{3,6}{0,12}=30(g/mol)\\ 30< A <50\\ a/ \\\Rightarrow A: Ca\\ b/ \\ Fe+H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4+H_2\\ Ca+H_2SO_4 \to CaSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=a(mol)\\ n_{Ca}=b(mol)\\ m_{hh}=56a+40b=12(1)\\ n_{H_2}=a+b=0,24(mol)(2)\\ (1)(2)\\ a=0,15\\ b=0,09\\ \%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{12}.100\%=70\%\\ \%m_{Ca}=100\%-70\%=30\% \)
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