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a)
Giá trị \(f\left( x \right)\) dần về 0 khi \(x\) càng lớn (dần tới \( + \infty \)).
b)
Giá trị \(f\left( x \right)\) dần về 0 khi \(x\) càng bé (dần tới \( - \infty \)).
a.
\(sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\) (1)
\(-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\le x\le\dfrac{7\pi}{3}\Rightarrow-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\le-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\le\dfrac{7\pi}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{5}{24}\le k\le\dfrac{59}{24}\Rightarrow k=\left\{0;1;2\right\}\)
Thế vào (1) \(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-\dfrac{\pi}{8};\dfrac{7\pi}{8};\dfrac{15\pi}{8}\right\}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}+2\sqrt{3-x}=a\Rightarrow4\sqrt{6+x-x^2}-3x=a^2-14\)
Mặt khác \(a^2=\left(\sqrt{x+2}+2\sqrt{3-x}\right)^2\le5\left(x+2+3-x\right)=25\)
\(\Rightarrow a\le5\)
Và \(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}+\sqrt{3-x}\ge\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3-x}\ge\sqrt{5}\) \(\Rightarrow a\ge\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5}\le a\le5\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a^2-14=ma\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-14}{a}=m\) với \(a\in\left[\sqrt{5};5\right]\)
\(f\left(a\right)=\frac{a^2-14}{a}\Rightarrow f'\left(a\right)=\frac{2a^2-a^2+14}{a^2}=\frac{a^2+14}{a^2}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\) đồng biến \(\Rightarrow f\left(\sqrt{5}\right)\le f\left(a\right)\le5\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{9\sqrt{5}}{5}\le f\left(a\right)\le\frac{11}{5}\Rightarrow-\frac{9\sqrt{5}}{5}\le m\le\frac{11}{5}\)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin4x=sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x=3x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\4x=\dfrac{3\pi}{2}-3x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{3\pi}{14}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x+30^0\right)=sin\left(30^0+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+30^0=30^0+x+k360^0\\2x+30^0=150^0-x+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k360^0\\x=40^0+k120^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
e.
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3x=-sinx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3x=cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+x+k2\pi\\3x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\left(sin2x+cos5x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\left(sin2x-sin\left(5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\\sin\left(5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=sin2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=k\pi\\5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}=2x+k2\pi\\5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}=\pi-2x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{8}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\\x=\dfrac{3\pi}{14}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(y=4sinx-2cos2x-1\)
\(=4sinx-2\left(1-2sin^2x\right)-1\)
\(=4sin^2x+4sinx-3\)
Đặt \(t=sinx,t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(y=f\left(t\right)=4t^2+4t-3\) \(\Leftrightarrow f'\left(t\right)=8t+4\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vẽ BBT với \(t\in\left[-1;1\right]\) ta được
\(minf\left(t\right)=miny=-4\Leftrightarrow t=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow sinx=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{7\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) ( k thuộc Z)
\(maxf\left(t\right)=miny=5\Leftrightarrow t=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow sinx=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\) ( k thuộc Z)
Vậy...
e) \(y=3sin2x+8cos^2x-1\)
\(=3sin2x+4\left(2cos^2x-1\right)+3\)
\(=3sin2x+4cos2x+3\)
\(=5\left(\dfrac{3}{5}sin2x+\dfrac{4}{5}cos2x\right)+3\)
Đặt \(cosu=\dfrac{3}{5}\Leftrightarrow sinu=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(y=5\left(sin2x.cosu+cos2x.sinu\right)+3=5.sin\left(2x+u\right)+3\)
Có \(-1\le sin\left(2x+u\right)\le1\) \(\Leftrightarrow-2\le y\le8\)
\(maxy=8\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x+u\right)=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow2x+u=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{u}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}.arccos\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\) ( k thuộc Z)
\(miny=-2\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x+u\right)=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{arccos3}{5}-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\) ( k thuộc Z)
Vậy...