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a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=c\)
b) \(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2b+1+a^2-2a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=1\)
Các bài tiếp theo tương tự :v
g) \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)=a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^2.a^2b^2.b^2.b^2c^2.c^2.c^2a^2}=6abc\)
i) \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{bc}};\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn cho 2, ta được đpcm
j) Tương tự bài i), áp dụng Cauchy, cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn được đpcm
2)a)\(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
c)\(a^3+b^3-a^2b-ab^2=a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
b)\(a^3+b^3\ge a^2b+ab^2\Leftrightarrow4a^3+4b^3\ge a^3+b^3+3a^b+3ab^2\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(a^3+b^3\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^3\)
Trả lời:
a. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: x + y\(\ge\) \(2\sqrt{xy}\) (với x,y\(\ge\)0)
Ta có: a + b\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{ab}\)
b+c\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{bc}\)
c+a\(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \(\ge\)\(8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}\)= 8abc (đpcm)
b. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: \(\sqrt{ab}\)\(\le\)\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\) ( với a,b\(\ge\)0)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)\(\le\)\(\dfrac{3a+a+2b}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{4a+2b}{2}\)=2a+b
\(\Rightarrow\) \(a\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)\(\le\)a(2a+b) = 2a2+ab
CMTT: \(b\sqrt{3b\left(b+2a\right)}\)\(\le\)b(2b+a) = 2b2+ab
\(\rightarrow\)\(a\sqrt{3a\left(a+2b\right)}\)+\(b\sqrt{3b\left(2b+a\right)}\)\(\le\) 2a2+ab+2b2+ab
= 2(a2+b2)+2ab =6(đpcm)
c. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si với 3 số a+b; b+c;c+a
Ta có: (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\(\le\)\(\left(\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 \(\le\) \(\dfrac{8}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)3 \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{8}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a+b+c \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)
Lại có: (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) -abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1= (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) - abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ab+bc+ca = \(\dfrac{1+abc}{a+b+c}\) (2)
Theo câu a. (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \(\ge\) 8abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 \(\ge\) 8abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) abc \(\le\)\(\dfrac{1}{8}\) (3)
Từ (1),(3) kết hợp với (2)
\(\Rightarrow\) ab+bc+ca \(\le\) \(\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{8}}{\dfrac{3}{2}}\) = \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Bạn ghi nhầm đề bài thì phải, \(a,b,c\in Z\)* mới đúng
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{2}{bc}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{2}{bc}=0\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=-3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Mà \(-3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)⋮3\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3⋮3\)
2)+)Xét a,b khác dấu\(\Rightarrow bđt\)đúng
+)Xét a,b cùng dấu
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}+2\ge3\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)^2+2\ge3\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)^2-3\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-1\right)-2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)\ge0\)(luôn đúng vì \(\dfrac{a}{b};\dfrac{b}{a}>0\))
Bài 1:
Sử dụng biến đổi tương đương. Ta có:
\(a^5+b^5\geq a^3b^2+a^2b^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5+b^5-a^3b^2-a^2b^3\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3(a^2-b^2)-b^3(a^2-b^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^3-b^3)(a^2-b^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2(a^2+ab+b^2)(a+b)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi $a,b$ dương)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((a-b)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Bài 2: Sử dụng kết quả bài 1:
\(a^5+b^5\geq a^3b^2+a^2b^3\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+ab\geq a^3b^2+a^2b^3+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{a^5+b^5+ab}\leq \frac{ab}{a^3b^2+a^2b^3+ab}=\frac{1}{a^2b+ab^2+1}=\frac{1}{a^2b+ab^2+abc}=\frac{1}{ab(a+b+c)}\)
Hoàn toàn tt:
\(\frac{bc}{b^5+c^5+bc}\leq \frac{1}{bc(a+b+c)}; \frac{ca}{c^5+a^5+ac}\leq \frac{1}{ac(a+b+c)}\)
Do đó:
\(P\leq \frac{1}{ab(a+b+c)}+\frac{1}{bc(a+b+c)}+\frac{1}{ac(a+b+c)}\). Thay \(1=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\leq \frac{c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}=1\) (đpcm)
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{26}-\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{6}-\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{2009}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{26}-\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{6}-\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{2009}\ge0\)
Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\) nên
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\frac{x^2}{26}-\frac{y^2}{6}-\frac{z^2}{2009}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{x^2}{26}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{2}-\frac{y^2}{6}\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{2}-\frac{z^2}{2009}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{6x^2}{13}+\frac{y^2}{3}+\frac{2007z^2}{4018}\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall x;y;z\))
Vậy BTĐ đã được chứng minh
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=a-\frac{ab(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+b-\frac{bc(b+c)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+c-\frac{ca(c+a)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
\(=a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{bc(b+c)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{ca(c+a)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab(a+b)}{2ab+ab}+\frac{bc(b+c)}{2bc+bc}+\frac{ca(c+a)}{2ac+ac}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq a+b+c-\frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Xin câu 1 ạ !