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x^2 -6x +10 = x^2 -2.x.3 +3^2 +1 = (x-3)^2 +1
Ma (x-3)^2 >=0 <=> (x-3)^2 +1 >=1>0 (voi moi x)
b) 4x - x^2 -5 = -(x^2 -4x +5) =-[(x^2 -4x +4)+1] = -[(x-2)^2 +1]
Ma (x+2)^2 >=0 <=> (x-2)^2 +1 >=1 <=> -[(x-2)^2 +1] <=-1 => -[(x-2)^2 +1] <0
2) a) P= x^2 -2x +5 = x^2 -2x +1 +4 = (x-1)^2 +4
Ta co: (x-1)^2 >=0 <=> (x-1)^2 +4 >=4
Vay gia tri nho nhat P=4 khi x=1
b) Q= 2x^2 -6x = 2(x^2 -3x) = 2(x^2 - 2.x.3/2 + 9/4 -9/4)= 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4]
Ta co: (x-3/2)^2 >=0 <=>(x-3/2)^2 -9/4 >= -9/4 <=> 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4] >= -9/2
Vay gia tri nho nhat Q= -9/2 khi x= 3/2
c) M= x^2 +y^2 -x +6y +10 = (x^2 -2.x.1/2 + 1/4) +(y^2 +2.y.3+9)+3/4
= ( x-1/2)^2 + (y+3)^2 +3/4
M>= 3/4
Vay GTNN cua M = 3/4 khi x=1/2 va y=-3
3)a) A= 4x - x^2 +3 = -(x^2 -4x -3) = -( x^2 -4x+4 -7) =-[(x-2)^2 -7]
Ta co: (x-2)^2>=0 <=> (x-2)^2 -7 >=-7 <=> -[(x-2)^2 -7] <=7
Vay GTLN A=7 khi x=2
b) B= x-x^2 = -(x^2 -2.x.1/2+1/4-1/4) = -[(x-1/2)^2 -1/4]
GTLN B= 1/4 khi x=1/2
c) N= 2x - 2x^2 -5 =-2( x^2 -x+5/2) = -2(x^2 - 2.x.1/2 +1/4 +9/4)
= -2[(x-1/2)^2 +9/4]
GTLN N= -9/2 khi x=1/2
Câu a : \(4x^3-5x^2+6x+9\)
\(=4x^3+3x^2-8x^2-6x+12x+9\)
\(=\left(4x^3+3x^2\right)-\left(8x^2+6x\right)+\left(12x+9\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(4x+3\right)-2x\left(4x+3\right)+3\left(4x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(4x+3\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\)
Câu b : \(5x^3-12x^2+14x-4\)
\(=5x^3-10x^2-2x^2+10x+4x-4\)
\(=\left(5x^3-2x^2\right)-\left(10x^2-4x\right)+\left(10x-4\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(5x-2\right)-2x\left(5x-2\right)+2\left(5x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)
Câu c : \(x^3-5x^2+2x+8\)
\(=x^3+x^2-6x^2-6x+8x+8\)
\(=\left(x^3+x^2\right)-\left(6x^2+6x\right)+\left(8x+8\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)-6x\left(x+1\right)+8\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-6x+8\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x^2-2x-4x+8\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x-2\right)-4\left(x-2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
Câu d : \(4x^3+5x^2+10x-12\)
\(=4x^3+8x^2-3x^2+16x-6x-12\)
\(=\left(4x^3-3x^2\right)+\left(8x^2-6x\right)+\left(16x-12\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(4x-3\right)+2x\left(4x-3\right)+4\left(4x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(4x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
b \(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+10x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3-x-5\right)\left(2x-3+x+5\right)=0\)
=>(x-8)(3x+2)=0
=>x=8 hoặc x=-2/3
d: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
=>x=2 hoặc x=1
e: \(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-11x+30\right)=0\)
=>x(x-5)(x-6)=0
hay \(x\in\left\{0;5;6\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-2x^2+10x-20\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3-x-5\right)\left(2x-3+x+5\right)=0\)
=>(x-8)(3x+2)=0
hay \(x\in\left\{8;-\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
d: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
=>x=1 hoặc x=2
Bài 2 :
a, \(x^2-4x=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=0;4\)
b, \(5x\left(x-2020\right)-x+2020=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x\left(x-2020\right)-\left(x-2020\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-1\right)\left(x-2020\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{5};2020\)
c, \(\left(4x+5\right)^2-\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2+40x+25-\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x^2+44x+24=0\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+3\right)\left(3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-3;-\frac{2}{3}\)
Câu 2:
\(A=x^2-10x+1\\ =\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-24\\ =\left(x-5\right)^2-24\ge-24\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra: `x-5=0<=>x=5`
\(B=x^2-5x+2\\ =\left(x^2-5x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{17}{4}\\ =\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\right)-\dfrac{17}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{17}{4}\ge-\dfrac{17}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra: `x-5/2=0<=>x=5/2`
Câu 2
A = x² - 10x + 1
= x² + 2.x.5 + 25 - 24
= (x + 5)² - 24
Do (x + 5)² ≥ 0 với mọi x ∈ R
⇒ (x + 5)² - 24 ≥ -24 (với mọi x ∈ R)
Vậy GTNN của A là -24 khi x = -5
B = x² - 5x + 2