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Câu 1:
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=2\left(x+1\right)\)
- Với \(x< -1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT\ge0\\VP< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) pt vô nghiệm
- Nhận thấy \(x=-1\) là 1 nghiệm
- Nếu \(x>-1\) kết hợp ĐKXĐ các căn thức ta được \(x\ge1\), pt tương đương:
\(\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{x-1}=2\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+6+x-1+2\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(2x^2+4x-6\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+18x-25=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\frac{25}{7}< 0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x=\pm1\)
Câu 2:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1-\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=2\)
- Nếu \(\sqrt{x-1}-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge2\) pt trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-\sqrt{x-1}+1=2\Leftrightarrow2=2\) (luôn đúng)
- Nếu \(1\le x< 2\) pt trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-1+\sqrt{x-1}=2\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(l\right)\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(x\ge2\)
Câu 3:
Bình phương 2 vế ta được:
\(2x^2+2x+5+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2x^2+2x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=4\)
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a>0\) pt trở thành:
\(a\left(a+3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 5:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{x-1-4\sqrt{x-1}+4}+\sqrt{x-1-6\sqrt{x-1}+9}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-3\right)^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-3\right|=1\)
Mà \(VT=\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|\ge\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2+3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\Rightarrow\) Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}-2\ge0\\\sqrt{x-1}-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow5\le x\le10\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(5\le x\le10\)
a)\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\)
Có: \(VT=\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|\)
\(\ge\left|1-x+x-2\right|=3=VP\)
Khi \(x=0;x=3\)
b)\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=361x^2-114x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-360x^2+104x+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5\left(5x-2\right)\left(9x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{5};x=-\frac{1}{9}\)
c)\(\sqrt{2x-2+2\sqrt{2x-3}}+\sqrt{2x+13+8\sqrt{2x-3}}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3+2\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\sqrt{2x-3+8\sqrt{2x-3}+16}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right)^2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right|=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x-3}+5=5\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}\) + \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}\) = 3
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)+ \(\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)= 3
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|\)+\(\left|x-2\right|\)=3
<=> x - 1 + x - 2 = 3
<=> 2x - 3 = 3
<=> x = \(\dfrac{6}{2}\)= 3
b ,
\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
<=>\(\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
<=> \(\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
<=> \(x-5=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+19x=3+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20x=8\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{8}{20}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\text{Đ}K:\text{ }x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(1\Leftrightarrow2x+2\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}=2\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}=1\Leftrightarrow x+\left|x-1\right|=1\)
\(+,x\ge1\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=x-1\Rightarrow2x-1=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)
\(+,x< 1\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=1-x\Rightarrow1=1\left(\text{đ}ung\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le\text{ }x< 1\)
\(Vaay:\frac{1}{2}\le x\le1\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x\le-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bình phương 2 vế:
\(x^2+3x+2+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\left(x^2+6x+5\right)}+x^2+6x+5=2x^2+9x+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\left(x^2+6x+5\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+3x+2=0\\x^2+6x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\left(l\right)\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có 2 nghiệm \(x=-1;x=-5\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2-6=3x+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}-2\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a=a^2-6\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\left(l\right)\\a=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=3\Leftrightarrow3x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}=5-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5-3x\ge0\\4\left(2x^2+5x+3\right)=\left(5-3x\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{5}{3}\\x^2-50x+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=25+6\sqrt{17}\left(l\right)\\x=25-6\sqrt{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=25-6\sqrt{17}\)
a) \(\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+7\right)}\)
\(ĐK\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-1\\x\ge-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}-\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+7\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{x+5}=\sqrt{2x+7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x+2+x+5+2\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)}=2x+7\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\2\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(S=\left\{-1;-2;-5\right\}\)
\(A=3\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{50}-\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\sqrt{2}-5\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}\)
\(B=2.\dfrac{2}{x-1}.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2-2x+1}{4x^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2}{x-1}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}}{2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2}{x-1}.\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2}{x-1}.\dfrac{x-1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2.\dfrac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2}{x}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}=a;\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}=b\) ( \(a;b\ge0\))
=> a2 - b2 = \(1+2\sqrt{x+2}\).
PT <=> a + b = a2 - b2 <=> (a + b)(a - b - 1) = 0 <=> a + b = 0 hoặc a - b = 1
+) a + b = 0. Vì \(a;b\ge0\) nên a = b = 0 . Mà a > b => a = b = 0 loại
+) a - b = 1 <=> \(\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}-\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}=1\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}\right)^2=\left(1+\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\right)^2\)
<=> \(2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}=1+2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}+2\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\)
<=> \(x+2=2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x+2}=x\)
<=> x + 2 = x2 ( x > = 0 )
<=> x2 - x - 2 = 0 <=> x = -1 hoặc x = 2
x = 2 thỏa mãn
Vậy x = 2 là nghiệm của PT
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}=a;\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}=b\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=1+2\sqrt{x+2}\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=a^2-b^2\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\)hoặc \(a-b=1\)
+) \(a+b=0\). Vì \(a;b\ge0\)nên \(a=b=0\). Mà \(a>b\Rightarrow a=b=0\) (loại)
+) \(a-b=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}-\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}}\right)^2=\left(1+\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3+\sqrt{x+2}=1+2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}+2\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2=2x+2-\sqrt{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2=x^2\left(x>=0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)hoặc \(x=2\)
\(x=2\)thỏa mãn.
Vậy \(x=2\)là nghiệm của PT.