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Lời giải:
PT \(\Leftrightarrow [(x-5)(x-8)][(x-4)(x-10)]=72x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-13x+40)(x^2-14x+40)=72x^2\)
Đặt \(x^2-13x+40=a\) thì pt trở thành:
\(a(a-x)=72x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ax-72x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-9ax+8ax-72x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(a-9x)+8x(a-9x)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-9x)(a+8x)=0\)
Nếu $a-9x=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-13x+40-9x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-22x+40=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-20)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=2\\ x=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $a+8x=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-13x+40+8x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+40=0\Leftrightarrow (x-\frac{5}{2})^2=-\frac{135}{4}\) (vô lý)
Vậy........
Đặt \(y=x+4\). PT trở thành:
\(\left(y-1\right)^4+\left(y+1\right)^4=16\)
Đặt y - 1 = a ; y + 1 =b. Suy ra b-a = 2
Kết hợp đề bài ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^4+b^4=16\\b-a=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(4+2ab\right)^2-2a^2b^2=16\\a^2+b^2=4+2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a^2b^2+16ab=0\left(1\right)\\a^2+b^2=4+2ab\end{matrix}\right.\). Xét pt (1):\(\Leftrightarrow2ab\left(ab+8\right)=0\)
Ez rồi
Đặt x + 4 = t thì pt trở thành :
\(\left(t+1\right)^4+\left(t-1\right)^4=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t^4+4t^3+6t^2+4t+1\right)-\left(t^4-4t^3+6t^2-4t+1\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8t^3+8t-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left[t^2\left(t-1\right)+t\left(t-1\right)+2\left(t-1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+t+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t-1=0\) ( do \(t^2+t+2=\left(t+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}>0\forall t\))
\(\Leftrightarrow t=1\Leftrightarrow x=-3\) ( TM )
Lời giải:
Đặt \(x-\frac{7}{2}=a\). Khi đó PT trở thành:
\((a-\frac{3}{2})^4+(a+\frac{3}{2})^4=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a^4+27a^2+\frac{81}{8}=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a^4+27a^2=\frac{55}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+\frac{27}{2}a^2=\frac{55}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+\frac{27}{4})^2=49\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a^2+\frac{27}{4}=7\\ a^2+\frac{27}{4}=-7< 0(\text{vô lý})\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow a=\pm \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=a+\frac{7}{2}=\left[\begin{matrix} 4\\ 3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(x+6=a\) phương trình trở thành
\(\left(a-1\right)^4+\left(a+1\right)^4=80\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-4a^3+6a^2-4a+1+a^4+4a^3+6a^2+4a+1=80\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+12a^2+2=80\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+6a^2-39=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=-3+4\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow a=\pm\sqrt{-3+4\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-6\pm\sqrt{-3+4\sqrt{3}}\)
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9\left(2x+5\right)^2}{4\left(x+4\right)^2}+\left(2x+5\right)^2=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9\left(2x+5\right)^2}{4\left(x+4\right)^2}-2.\frac{3\left(2x+5\right)}{2\left(x+4\right)}.\left(2x+5\right)+\left(2x+5\right)^2+\frac{3\left(2x+5\right)^2}{x+4}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left(2x+5\right)-\frac{3\left(2x+5\right)}{2\left(x+4\right)}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(2x+5\right)^2}{x+4}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{\left(2x+5\right)^2}{2\left(x+4\right)}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(2x+5\right)^2}{x+4}-8=0\)
Đặt \(\frac{\left(2x+5\right)^2}{x+4}=a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{4}+3a-8=0\)
Nghiệm xấu, bạn tự giải nốt
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-20\right)\left(x^2-x-6\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-13-7\right)\left(x^2-x-13+7\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-13\right)^2-7^2+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-13\right)^2=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-13=5\\x^2-x-13=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-18=0\\x^2-x-8=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=18+\frac{1}{4}\\x^2-2x\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=8+\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{73}{4}\\\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{33}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1+\sqrt{73}}{2}\\x=\frac{1-\sqrt{73}}{2}\\x=\frac{1+\sqrt{33}}{2}\\x=\frac{1-\sqrt{33}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )
Thêm 5 vào hai vế suy ra:
\(\left(x^2-4x+5\right)+\frac{10}{x^2-4x+5}=7\)
Đặt \(t=x^2-4x+5=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+1=\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\). PT trở thành:
\(t+\frac{10}{t}=7\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2+10}{t}=7\Leftrightarrow t^2-7t+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=5\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\left(C\right)\). Với t = 5 suy ra \(x^2-4x+5=5\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với t = 2 suy ra \(x^2-4x+5=2\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-3x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\).
Vậy tập hợp nghiệm của PT là S = (0;1;3;4)