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1)\(\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=21\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=7\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}7\ge0\\x-1=49\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=50}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=3\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\) \(+,x\ge2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2\ge0\\x-1\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|=x-2\\\left|x-1\right|=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-1\right|=x-2+x-1=3\Leftrightarrow2x-3=3\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(\text{t/m}\right)\) \(+,1\le x< 2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1\ge0\\x-2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|=x-1\\\left|x-2\right|=-\left(x-2\right)=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=x-1+2-x=1\left(l\right)\) \(+,x< 1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1< 0\\x-2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|=-\left(x-1\right)=1-x\\\left|x-2\right|=-\left(x-2\right)=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=1-x+2-x=3\Leftrightarrow3-2x=3\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(\text{t/m}\right)\) \(f,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-9}\ge0\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.mà:\sqrt{x^2-9}+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-9=0\\\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-9=0\\\left|x-3\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=3\)\thay vào ta thấy thoa man => x=3
\(ĐK:x\ge4\)\(\sqrt{x^2+x-20}=\sqrt{x^2+5x-4x-20}=\sqrt{x\left(x+5\right)-4\left(x+5\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\sqrt{x-4}.\sqrt{x+5}=\sqrt{x-4}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=0\\\sqrt{x+5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x+5=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=4\) \(b,ĐK:x\le2;\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{2-x}=\sqrt{6}\Leftrightarrow x+1+2-x+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=6\Leftrightarrow3+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=6\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=1,5\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=-\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=-\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}=-2\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=-2\Rightarrow vonghiem\)
f/
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{2-x}+\sqrt{x+2}=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=4+2\sqrt{4-x^2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{4-x^2}=\frac{a^2-4}{2}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a+\frac{a^2-4}{2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{4-x^2}=\frac{a^2-4}{2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4-x^2=0\Rightarrow x=\pm2\)
e/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=5+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}=\frac{a^2-5}{2}\)
Pt trở thành:
\(a+\frac{a^2-5}{2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+3x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7/
ĐKXĐ: \(-3\le x\le\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+8\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{3-2x}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{3-2x}-\left(3-2x\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{3-2x}\left(4-\sqrt{3-2x}\right)+1=0\)
Do \(x\ge-3\Rightarrow3-2x\le9\Rightarrow\sqrt{3-2x}\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow4-\sqrt{3-2x}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow VT>0\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm (bạn coi lại đề)
5/
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^2-3x+6-4x\sqrt{3x^2+x+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2-4x\sqrt{3x^2+x+2}+3x^2+x+2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\sqrt{3x^2+x+2}\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-\sqrt{3x^2+x+2}=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=2\)
6/
ĐKXĐ: ....
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2000-2\sqrt{x-2000}+1\right)+\left(y-2001-2\sqrt{y-2001}+1\right)+\left(z-2002-2\sqrt{z-2002}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-2000}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-2001}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-2002}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2000}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-2001}-1=0\\\sqrt{z-2002}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2001\\y=2002\\z=2003\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mình hướng dẫn nhé :)
- Phương trình \(\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}=\sqrt{x}-1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{x}-1\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x}-1\right|=\sqrt{x}-1\)
Xét trường hợp để tìm nghiệm nhé :)
- \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=1-2x\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=1-2x\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=1-2x\)
- \(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}=3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}=3\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}+1\right|=3\) (mình sửa lại đề)
- \(\sqrt{x^2-4}=\sqrt{x^2-2x}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\sqrt{x\left(x-2\right)}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x}\right)=0\)
- \(\sqrt{x^2+5}=x+1\). Tìm điều kiện xác định rồi bình phương hai vế.
chủ yếu là bình phương hai vế,đặt ĐK rồi chuyển thành phương trình bậc hai rồi giải
1.\(ĐKXĐ:x\ge0\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=x^2\Leftrightarrow x=0\)(t/m)
Vậy pt có nghiêm duy nhất là x=0
2.ĐKXĐ:\(1-x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow-1\le x\le1\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow1-x^2=x^2-2x+1\left(x\ge1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loai,vi,x\ge1\right)\\x=1\left(chon\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là x=1
3.ĐKXĐ:\(x^2-4x+3\ge0\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-4x+3}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+3=x^2-4x+4\left(x\ge2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=1\left(Sai\right)\)
Vậy pt đã cho vô nghiệm
4.ĐKXĐ:\(x^2-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-1\\x\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-1}-x^2+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-1}-\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-1}\left(1-\sqrt{x^2-1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-1}=0\\1-\sqrt{x^2-1}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\left(tm\right)\\\sqrt{x^2-1}=1\left(\cdot\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải (*): \(\left(\cdot\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2=2\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{2}\left(tm\right)\)
Kết luận: tập nghiệm của pt là:\(S=\left\{\pm1;\pm\sqrt{2}\right\}\)
5.ĐKXĐ:\(x^2-4\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-2\\x\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-4}-x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}-\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x-2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=0\\\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x-2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{x-2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\x+2=x-2\Leftrightarrow2=-2\left(vo,li,nen,loai\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất là x=2
6.ĐKXĐ:\(1-2x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\le x\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{1-2x^2}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-2x^2=x^2-2x+1\left(x\ge1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loai\right)\\x=\frac{2}{3}\left(loai\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết luận: PT đã cho vô nghiệm