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We earn our ___LIVELIHOOD__ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ___COMPETITION___ (COMPETE) with people all across the Earth. Profound and __POWERFUL___ (POWER) forces are shaking and __MAKING___ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already __ENRICHED___ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to ___COMPETE__ (COMPETITION) and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to __BANKRUPT___ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their __FREEDOM___ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.
We earn our ___livelihood__ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ___competition___ (COMPETE) with people all across the Earth. Profound and __powerful___ (POWER) forces are shaking and __remaking___ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already __enriched___ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to __compete___ (COMPETITION) and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to __bankrupt___ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their __freedom___ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.
Floods cause(24)_____widespread____damage. Unfortuniately, there is little we can do to (25)____prevent___ flooding in some situations. There are several causes for (26)_____flooding_____ including deep snow melt, icy rivers, and broken (27)___dams___. First, when with the deep snow melts it creates, large amounts of water. When heavy rain and sudden warm temperatures (28)___combine___with deep snow , floods can occur. Second, the ice (29) ____pieces____form dams which break and cause flooding. Third, (30) ___human-made____dams can break and cause devastating damage. The water from these dams can be as powerful as a tidal wave. Our best plan of attack (31)____against_____ flooding is to recognize the potential for flooding in certain conditions
Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
23/ A. which B. that C. where D. when
24/ A. So B. Such C. That D. Many
25/ A. its B. it C. their D. theirs
26/ A. high B. low C. below D. above
27/ A. gentle B. violent C. terrible D. awful
28/ A. up B. on C. into D. onto
__T__ 29/ One good thing about a tornado is that it does not last long
__F__ 30/ Tornadoes over water are called funnels.
__F__ 31/ The annually number of tornadoes in the United States is about one hundred.
__T__ 32/ There are about two hundred tornadoes in one year in America
24. erupt
25. hurricane
26. nature
27. careless
28. farmland
29. little
30. faucet
31. recycling