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A)
Đặt \(\sqrt{1+2x}=a; \sqrt{1-2x}=b\) (\(a,b>0\) )
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^2+b^2=2\\ a^2-b^2=4x=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2a^2=2+\sqrt{3}\rightarrow 4a^2=4+2\sqrt{3}=(\sqrt{3}+1)^2\\ 2b^2=2-\sqrt{3}\rightarrow 4b^2=4-2\sqrt{3}=(\sqrt{3}-1)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}; b=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}{4}=\frac{1}{2}; a-b=1\)
Có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{1+a}+\frac{b^2}{1-b}=\frac{a^2-a^2b+b^2+ab^2}{(1+a)(1-b)}\)
\(=\frac{2-ab(a-b)}{1+(a-b)-ab}=\frac{2-\frac{1}{2}.1}{1+1-\frac{1}{2}}=1\)
B)
\(2x=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 4x^2=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+2\)
\(\rightarrow 4(x^2-1)=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2=\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{4(x^2-1)}=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\) do $a>b$
T có: \(B=\frac{b\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}{x-\sqrt{x^2-1}}=\frac{2b\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}{2x-\sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}=\frac{2b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}-\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}\)
\(=\frac{2b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{2\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=\frac{b\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}} \right )}{\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=\frac{\frac{b(a-b)}{\sqrt{ab}}}{\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}}=a-b\)
1) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{-2x+3}\) xác định thì \(-2x+3\ge0\Leftrightarrow-2x\ge-3\Leftrightarrow x\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
2) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{x^2}}\) xác định thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\ge0\\x^2\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x\ne0\)
3) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{x+3}}\) xác định thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3\ge0\\x+3\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-3\\x\ne-3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x>-3\)
4) Ta có -5<0
x2+6>0
Suy ra \(\dfrac{-5}{x^2+6}< 0\)
Vậy với mọi x thì \(\sqrt{\dfrac{-5}{x^2+6}}\) sẽ không xác định
5) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{3x+4}\) xác định thì \(3x+4\ge0\Leftrightarrow3x\ge-4\Leftrightarrow x\ge\dfrac{-4}{3}\)
6) Ta có \(x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge1>0\)
Vậy với mọi x thì biểu thức \(\sqrt{1+x^2}\) sẽ luôn xác định
7) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{1-2x}}\) xác định thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2x\ge0\\1-2x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x\le1\\2x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\x\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
8) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{-3}{3x+5}}\) xác định thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+5\le0\\3x+5\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x\le-5\\3x\ne-5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{-5}{3}\\x\ne\dfrac{-5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x< \dfrac{-5}{3}\)
Ta có \(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}-2}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{3}+2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}+2}{\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}-\dfrac{3\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{12-4}-\dfrac{2\left(3\sqrt{3}-3\right)}{12-4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{4}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-3}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1-3\sqrt{3}+3}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{2}=\dfrac{\left|\sqrt{3}-1\right|}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt{3}-1\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2=3\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x-2=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x-1=0\)
Ta lại có \(P=\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)x^{2018}-2x^{2017}+2x+1}{2x^2+3x}=\dfrac{2x^{2017}\left[2\left(x+1\right)x-1\right]+\sqrt{3}}{2x^2+2x-1+x+1}=\dfrac{2x^{2017}\left[2x^2+2x-1\right]+\sqrt{3}}{x+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{x+1}=\sqrt{3}:\left(x+1\right)=\sqrt{3}:\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}+1\right)=\sqrt{3}:\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{3-1}=\dfrac{2\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2}=3-\sqrt{3}\)Vậy khi \(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}-2}-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{3}+2}}\) thì P=\(3-\sqrt{3}\)
1) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{-2x}\) có nghĩa thì \(-2x\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\le0\)
2) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{15x}\) có nghĩa thì \(15x\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge0\)
3) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{2x+1}\) có nghĩa thì \(2x+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow2x\ge-1\Leftrightarrow x\ge\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
4) Để biểu thức \(\sqrt{3-6x}\) có nghĩa thì \(3-6x\ge0\Leftrightarrow6x\le3\Leftrightarrow x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
5) Để biểu thức \(\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{x}}\) có nghĩa thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\2-\sqrt{x}\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ne4\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) Để biểu thức \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x^2-1}}\) có nghĩa thì \(x^2-1>0\Leftrightarrow x^2>1\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x< -1\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) Ta có \(x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow2x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow2x^2+3\ge3>0\)
Vậy với mọi x thì biểu thức 2x2+3 luôn được xác định
8) Ta có \(-x^2\le0\Leftrightarrow-x^2-5\le-5< 0\)
Vậy với mọi x thì biểu thức \(\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{-x^2-2}}\) sẽ không xác định
a/ \(x^2+4x-5>0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x< -5\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1\ge0\\x-\sqrt{2x-1}>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x^2>2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3\ge0\\1-\sqrt{x^2-3}\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\sqrt{3}\\x\le-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\x\ne\pm2\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge0\\-2x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) không tồn tại x thỏa mãn
e/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-1\ge0\\5x-3\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\\x\ge\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x\ge\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1+2x+\sqrt{2x}+x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2x}-1+2x-2x+1}{2x-1}=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{2x}}{2x-1}\)
\(B=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1-2x-\sqrt{2x}-x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}-1-2x}{2x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-1-2\sqrt{x}-1-2x}{2x-1}=\dfrac{-2-2\sqrt{x}}{2x-1}\)
\(P=A:B=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{2x}}{2x-1}:\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}-2}{2x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{2x-1}\cdot\dfrac{2x-1}{-2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{x}\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b: Thay \(\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\) vào P, ta được:
\(P=\left[-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}\right)\right]:\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}+1\right]\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2}\cdot\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{2}}{2}\right]:\left[\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}+2}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{4}\cdot\dfrac{2}{4+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{2\cdot\left(2\sqrt{2}+1\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(4\sqrt{2}+3\right)}{3\cdot\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
