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\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\right]^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3}{xy}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Lời giải:
Nếu $x,y$ trái dấu: Ta thấy vế trái luôn lớn hơn $0$, còn vế phải sẽ nhỏ hơn $0$ do \(x,y\) trái dấu thì \(\frac{x}{y}; \frac{y}{x}< 0\)
Do đó \(\text{VT}> \text{VP}(1)\)
Nếu $x,y$ cùng dấu:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2+2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(=t^2+2-3t=(t-1)(t-2)\) với \(t=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương:
\(t=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow t-1>0; t-2\geq 0\Rightarrow (t-1)(t-2)\geq 0\)
Hay \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\geq 3(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x})\) (2)
Từ $(1);(2)$ ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y\neq 0\)
Note \(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+2\)
Nên ta sẽ đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t\ge2\). Khi đó
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(t^2+2\ge3t\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(t-1\right)\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng vì \(t\ge 2\)
Áp dụng bđt bunhia copski ta có
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{b\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\le\left[\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2\right]=\left(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}\right)\left(x+y\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
Bài 2:
\(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+2x\right)+\left(y^2+2y\right)=6\\\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(y^2+2y\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x=a\\y^2+2y=b\end{matrix}\right.\) thì:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=6\\ab=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(a+b=6\Rightarrow a=6-b\) thay vào \(ab=9\)
\(b\left(6-b\right)=9\Rightarrow-b^2+6b-9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(b-3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow b-3=0\Rightarrow b=3\)
Lại có: \(a=6-b=6-3=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x=3\\y^2+2y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\\\left(y-1\right)\left(y+3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\dfrac{b+c}{4}}\)\(=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4a^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge3\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\). Tức là \(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Làm cho hoàn thiện luôn nè
1)ĐK:x>0
pt trở thành: x2+1+3x\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+1}{x}}\)=10x
<=>\(\dfrac{x^2+1}{x}\)+3\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+1}{x}}\)=10(*)
đặt y=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+1}{x}}\)(y>0)
(*)<=>y2+3y-10=0
<=>(y+5)(y-2)=0
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-5\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy y =2(y>0)
<=>\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+1}{x}}\)=2<=>x2+1=4x
<=>x2-4x+1=0<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{3}+2\\x=2-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) điều phải cm<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)đặt x=\(\dfrac{1}{a}\);y=\(\dfrac{1}{b}\);z=\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)
P<=>\(\dfrac{x^2yz}{y+z}+\dfrac{xy^2z}{x+z}+\dfrac{xyz^2}{x+y}\)
=\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\)(xyz=1)
đến đây ta có bất đẳng thức quen thuộc trên
A=\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\)
A+3=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+z}+\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y}\)
=(x+y+z)(\(\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\))(**)
đặt m=x+y;n=y+z;p=x+z
(**)<=>\(\dfrac{m+n+p}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{m}+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{p}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)(điều suy ra được từ bất đẳng thức cô-si cho 3 số)
=>A\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
=>P\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt VT là T
Áp dụng AM-GM cho 3 số dương, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^3}+1+1+\left(\dfrac{x-1}{y}\right)^3+1+1+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+1+1\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}+\dfrac{x-1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(T\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}+\dfrac{x-1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}-2\right)=3\left(\dfrac{3-2x}{x-1}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\)(đpcm)
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x+2\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{x+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+2\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x+2\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+2\sqrt{x}\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{.....}+\dfrac{x+2}{....}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x^3}+2x+2\sqrt{x}-2+x+2}{.....}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x^3}+3x+2\sqrt{x}}{....}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x+3\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{....}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{....}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
P/S: Chú ý điều kiện khi rút gọn, tự tìm.
Lời giải:
Ta có \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\geq 3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\geq 3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\geq 0\) (1)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=a\)
\((1)\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2)(a-1)\geq 0\)\((\star)\)
Ta thấy \(a^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 2 số không âm \(\frac{x^2}{y^2};\frac{y^2}{x^2}\)
\( a^2\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y^2}.\frac{y^2}{x^2}}+2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow a\geq 2\) hoặc \(a\leq -2\)
+TH1: \(a\geq 2\Rightarrow a-2;a-1\geq 0\Rightarrow (a-2)(a-1)\geq 0\), ta thu được \((\star)\)
+TH2: \(a\leq -2\Rightarrow a-2;a-1\leq 0\Rightarrow (a-2)(a-1)\geq 0\), ta thu được \((\star)\)
Vậy bài toán được chứng minh.
BĐT tương đương
\(\dfrac{x^4+y^4+4x^2y^2-3x^3y-3xy^3}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4-2x^2y^2+6x^2y^2-3x^3y-3xy^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2-3xy\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\right]^2-3xy\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\left(a-\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\right]\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng. Vậy ta có đpcm.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b