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Bài làm
a) Ta có: ( a - b + c )2 = [ a - ( b - c ) ]2
= a2 - 2a( b - c ) + ( b - c )2
= a2 - 2ab + 2ac + b2 - 2bc + c2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ac - 2ab - 2bc
Mik làm mấy lần rồi nhưng vẫn ra kết quả như vậy, bạn xem lại đề nhé.
b) Ta có: a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ca
=> 2( a2 + b2 + c2 ) > 2( ab + bc + ca )
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 > 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca > 0
=> ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ( a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca ) > 0
=> ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ( a - b - c )2 > 0 ( Luôn đúng )
Vậy a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ca ( đpcm ).
c) a2 + b2 + 1 > a + b + ab ( mik nghĩ cái a ở vế phải phải là a thôi chứ không phỉa a^2. bạn kiểm tra đề nha )
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2 > 2a + 2b + 2ab
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2 - 2a - 2b - 2ab > 0
=> ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( a2 - 2a + 1 ) + ( b2 - 2b + 1 ) > 0
=> ( a - b )2 + ( a - 1 )2 + ( b - 1 )2 > 0 ( luôn đúng )
Vậy a2 + b2 + 1 > a + b + ab ( đpcm )
\(1,\left(a-b+c\right)^2=\left[\left(a-b\right)+c\right]^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)c+c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(2,..2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
3, Sửa đề : \(a^2+b^2+1\ge a+b+ab\)
Ta có : \(2a^2+2b^2+2-2a-2b-2ab\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2a+2b+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1\ge a+b+ab\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = 1
Ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a+b}{4}\) (1)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{bc}{b+c}\le\frac{b+c}{4}\\\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{c+a}{4}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng 3 cái trên vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
xin lỗi chị em mới học lớp 5 nên ko biết
Chúc chị luôn luôn học giỏi
(=^.^=) (>^.^<)
1. Giải
Ta chứng minh với mọi x, y luôn có : \(\frac{x+y}{2}\cdot\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}\le\frac{x^4+y^4}{2}\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)\le2\left(x^4+y^4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le x^4+y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]\ge0\)
ÁP DỤNG (1) ta được
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}=\left[\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\right]\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\right]\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\le\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\le\frac{a^6+b^6}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2. Ta biến đổi các Đẳng thức : \(a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{2}-ab+\frac{b^2}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{2}-bc+\frac{c^2}{2}\right)-\left(\frac{c^2}{2}-ca+\frac{a^2}{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{b}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{c}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ca+c^2\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
HĐT này đúng với mọi x
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)( Bất đẳng thức luôn đúng )
Vậy \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\forall a;b;c\)
Tham khảo nhé~
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\dfrac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\dfrac{ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\dfrac{a^2+c^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Nhân phá và rút gọn 2 vế:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b+b^3c+c^3a\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3b+b^3c+c^3a}{abc}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
Đúng do: \(\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2-2b^2-2c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
c) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3ab+3bc+3ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c}\)
=> ĐPCM
3
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\text{Đ}PCM\)
2b)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2-4x-2y+5=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-4x-2y+4+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
c) \(x^4-11x^2+4x-21=0\Leftrightarrow x^4-10x^2+25-x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5\right)^2-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-5+2\right)\left(x^2+x-5-2\right)=0\)
đến đây tự làm
Ta có: a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = (a + b + c)^2 - 2(ab+bc+ca)
Do (a+b+c)^2 >= 0 nên (a+b+c)^2 - 2(ab+bc+ca)>= -2(ab+bc+ca)
Vậy a^2 + b^2 + c^2 >= -2(ab+bc+ca)