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Ta có: \(B=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)
\(=91\left(3+3^7+...+3^{1987}\right)⋮13^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)( vì 91 chia hết cho 33)
Phần còn lại chứng minh tương tự
A = 2 + 22 + 23 +......+ 260
-> A = ( 2 + 22 ) + ( 23 + 24 ) + ....+ ( 259 + 260 )
-> A = 2.( 1+2 ) + 23.( 1+2) +......+ 259.( 1+2)
-> A = 2.3 + 23.3 +......+ 259.3
-> A= 3.( 2 + 23 +.....+ 259)
Vì 3 chia hết cho 3
-> 3.( 2 + 23 +...+259)
Vậy A chia hết cho 3
A = 2 + 22 + 23 +.......+ 260
-> A = ( 2 + 22 + 23 ) +.......+ ( 258 + 259 + 260 )
-> A = 2.( 1 + 2 + 22 ) +......+ 258 .( 1 + 2 + 22 )
-> A = 2.7 +.....+ 258.7
-> A = 7.( 2 + .....+ 258 )
Vì 7 chia hết cho 7
-> 7.( 2+....+ 258 )
Vậy A chia hết cho 7
A = 2 + 22 + 23 +......+ 260
-> A = ( 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 ) +.....+ ( 257 + 258 + 259 + 260 )
-> A = 2.( 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 ) +.....+ 257.( 1+ 2 + 22 + 23 )
-> A = 2.15 + ......+ 257.15
-> A = 15.( 2 +.... + 257 )
Vì 15 chia hết cho 15
-> 15.( 2 +....+ 257 )
Vậy A chia hết cho 15
\(M=2+2^3+2^5+2^7+....+2^{51}\)
\(=\left(2+2^3\right)+\left(2^5+2^7\right)+....+\left(2^{49}+2^{51}\right)\)
\(=10+2^4\left(2+2^3\right)+....+2^{48}\left(2+2^3\right)\)
\(=10+2^4.10+...+2^{48}.10\)
\(=10\left(1+2^4+...+2^{48}\right)\Rightarrow M⋮10\)
\(=2.5.\left(1+2^4+...+2^{48}\right)\Rightarrow M⋮5\)
\(M=2+2^3+2^5+2^7+....+2^{51}.\)
\(M+2^{ }=2+2+2^3+2^5+2^7+.....+2^{51}\)
\(=\left(2+2+2^3\right)+\left(2^5+2^7+2^9\right)+....+\left(2^{47}+2^{49}+2^{51}\right)\)
\(=12+2^4\left(2+2^3+2^5\right)+......+2^{46}\left(2+2^3+2^5\right)\)
\(=12+2^4.42+....+2^{46}.42\)
\(=12+7.3.2\left(2^4+...+2^{46}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left[12+7.3.2\left(2^4+.....+2^{46}\right)\right]-2\)
\(=10+7.3.2\left(2^4+....+2^{46}\right)\)
Ta có: \(7.3.2\left(2^4+...+2^{46}\right)⋮7\)mà 10 không chia hết cho 7
Suy M không chia hết cho 7
a)
\(P=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(P=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(P=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+3^6\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+...+3^{1986}\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)\)
\(P=273+3^6\cdot273+...+3^{1986}\cdot273\)
\(P=13\cdot21+3^6\cdot13\cdot21+...+2^{1986}\cdot13\cdot21\)
\(P=13\left(21+3^6\cdot21+...+3^{1986}\cdot21\right)⋮13\) (đpcm)
b)
\(P=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(P=\left(3+3^5\right)+\left(3^3+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}\cdot3^{1991}\right)\)
\(P=\left(3+3^5\right)+3^2\left(3+3^5\right)+...+3^{1986}\left(3+3^5\right)\)
\(P=246+3^2\cdot246+...+3^{1986}\cdot246\)
\(P=41\cdot6+3^2\cdot41\cdot6+...+3^{1986}\cdot41\cdot6\)
\(P=41\left(6+3^2\cdot6+...+3^{1986}\cdot6\right)⋮41\) (đpcm)
Vậy ...
=))