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a) a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + ac + bc
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0
=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (a2 - 2ac + c2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (a - c)2 + (b - c)2 = 0
Do 3 hạng tử trên đều có giá trị lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 nên a - b = a - c = b - c = 0
=> a = b = c
b) a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
=> a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = 0
=> a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 + c3 - 3abc - 3a2b - 3ab2 = 0
=> (a + b)3 + c3 - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0
=> (a + b + c)(a2 + 2ab + b2 - bc - ac + c2) - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0
=> (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac) = 0
=> a + b + c = 0
hoặc a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ac => a = b = c
a. \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\) (đpcm)
b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2;\left(b-1\right)^2;\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)^2=\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-1=b-1=c-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
c. \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Tương tự câu b ta có a = b = c
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)
TL:
1)
Ta có: \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\) và\(\left(a-c\right)^2=0\) và \(\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0\) và \(â-c=0\) và \(b-c=0\)
=>a=b=c(đpcm)
b. Sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức
\(a^3+b^3+c^2-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
và \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
nên \(A=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Do (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - a) = 0 nên áp dụng hđt \(X^2+Y^2+Z^2=-2\left(XY+YZ+ZX\right)\)khi X + Y + Z = 0, ta có:
\(A=-2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right).\)
Bài 1 :
\(b,ax^2+3ax+9=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x+3ax+9-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax\left(a+3\right)+\left(a+3\right)\left(3-a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+3\right)\left(ax+3-a\right)=0\)
Vì \(a\ne3\Rightarrow\left(a+3\right)\ne0\Rightarrow ax+3-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax=a-3\)
Vì \(a\ne0\Rightarrow x=\frac{a-3}{a}\)
Do \(c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)=0\Leftrightarrow-c^2=2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Ta có; \(\frac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2-c^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2-c^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a-c\right)^2+2\left(ab-bc\right)}{2\left(b-c\right)^2+2\left(ab-ac\right)}=\frac{2\left(a-c\right)^2+2b\left(a-c\right)}{2\left(b-c\right)^2+2a\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-c+b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-c+a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\) (đpcm)