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b)a2+b2+c2≥ab+bc+aca2+b2+c2≥ab+bc+ac
⇔2(a2+b2+c2)≥2(ab+bc+ac)⇔2(a2+b2+c2)≥2(ab+bc+ac)
⇔2a2+2b2+2c2−2ab−2bc−2ac≥0⇔2a2+2b2+2c2−2ab−2bc−2ac≥0
⇔(a2−2ab+b2)+(b2−2bc+c2)+(c2−2ac+a2)≥0⇔(a2−2ab+b2)+(b2−2bc+c2)+(c2−2ac+a2)≥0
⇔(a−b)2+(b−c)2+(c−a)2≥0⇔(a−b)2+(b−c)2+(c−a)2≥0 (luôn đúng)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a=b=c
1a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)\(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b\cdot a+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)Đã cm
c)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=1
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhyaxcopki, ta có:
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
ủng hộ cách khác không xài bđt bunhia:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-x-y-z\ge\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-x-y-z+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(z^2-z+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(z-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall x+y+z=\dfrac{3}{2}\))
Câu a : \(4x^2+12x+10=\left(4x^2+12x+9\right)+1=\left(2x+3\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Câu b : \(25x^2+5x+1=\left(25x^2+5x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(5x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
áp dụng bất đằng thức buinhia
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\Leftrightarrow1\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\le\left(\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right)2\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\ge\frac{1}{8}\)
bài cuối tương tự
a, \(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Với mọi a, b ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Mà a + b = 1 \(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)( đpcm )
Các câu b, c tương tự
\(x^2+5x-3=\left(x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{37}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{37}{4}\ge-\dfrac{37}{4}\)
(đpcm)
\(x^2+5x-3\)
\(=x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{4}-\dfrac{37}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{37}{4}\ge-\dfrac{37}{4}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)