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a)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=x+y+z+2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^3-x\right)+\left(y^3-y\right)+\left(z^3-z\right)=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+y\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)+z\left(z-1\right)\left(z+1\right)=2020\)
Ta có tích của ba số tự nhiên liên tiếp luôn chia hết cho 6
=> \(VT⋮6\)
Mà VP \(⋮̸\) 6
\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình vô nghiệm
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\) ( bđt phụ + Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
CM bđt phụ : \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+10\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(=6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x+y}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+2z+x+y}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(=6.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4.\dfrac{3}{4}}-\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=9\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
a) ab+bc+ca\(\le\dfrac{\left(a+c+b\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3ab+3bc+3ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca\le2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng \(\forall a,b,c\)
\(VT=\left(xyz+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\)
\(=yz+xz+xy+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\)
\(=\left(yz+xz+xy\right)+\left(\dfrac{x^2}{xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(yz+xz+xy\right)+\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(xz+yz+xy\right)}+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
(bđt Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel)
\(\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
(bđt AM - GM)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+6\sqrt[6]{x\times y\times z\times\dfrac{1}{x}\times\dfrac{1}{y}\times\dfrac{1}{z}}\)
\(=x+y+z+6=VP\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Bài dễ mừ, có phải Croatia thật ko vậy :)) (viết đề bị nhầm, là x,y,z dương chứ :))
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz dạng cộng mẫu số:
\(\frac{x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\ge\)
\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)+\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
Xét \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z, Xong! :))